Gallbladder Flashcards
Pear shaped hollow organ
Lies on the visceral surface of the liver
Divided into neck/body/fundus
Neck is continuous with the cystic duct
Anatomy of the gallbladder
Size is variable,
but approx 7-10cm in length and 2.5-4cm in width
Gallbladder size
An increase in GB size is termed
Gallbladder Hydrops
in the neck keeps the cystic duct from kinking
Heister’s valves function
CYSTIC ARTERY
CYSTIC VEIN
gallbladder Vascular Supply
a branch of the right hepatic artery
CYSTIC ARTERY-
drains the blood directly into the portal vein
CYSTIC VEIN-
Lies intrahepatic and then migrates to the surface of the liver
Covered with a peritoneal layer on most of the surface. The rest of the gallbladder is covered with an adventicia tissue layer.
There is a potential space where these meet that can be an area where infection or inflammation can occur
If migration does not occur, the gallbladder can be termed ectopic
Gallbladder location
gallbladder not developed
still has biliary duct system
gallbladder agenesis
Stores bile produced by the liver can hold approx 50 ml
-Concentrates bile when the body is in a fasting state
gallbladder function
Bile is forced into the gallbladder due to an increased pressure within the CBD produced by the action of the sphincter of Oddi
How does the bile get into the gallbladder
As the stomach empties the food into the duodenum, the intestines secrete enzymes and bile salts that stimulate the gallbladder to contract and push the bile into the duodenum
How does bile get out of the gallbladder
There are folds within the mucous membrane of the wall that has a honeycomb appearance and unite with each other
How does the gallbladder concentrate bile
Consists of the right and left hepatic duct,
common hepatic duct,
common bile duct,
pear shaped gallbladder,
and cystic duct
Anatomy of the Bile Ducts
come from the right lobe of the liver in the Porta hepatis and unite to form the CHD
Right and left hepatic ducts
approx 4mm in diameter, joins the cystic duct(draining the gallbladder) and is now called the CBD
Common Hepatic Duct
by piercing into the wall of the duodenum where is joins the main pancreatic duct and together, they open into the duodenum through a small opening called the ampulla of Vater
CBD ends
lies lateral to the hepatic artery and anterior to the portal vein (left ear of Mickey Mouse)
CBD (prox portion) location
Normal measurement is <6mm for people 60 years or younger. 1mm per decade after age 60
CBD measurement
approx 4 cm long,
connects the neck of the gallbladder to the CHD to form the CBD
normally not seen by ultrasound
Cystic Duct-
Termed cholecystectomy
The tone of the spincter of Oddi is lost, and bile is free to move into the duodenum at a fasting or non fasting state.
Normal size of the CBD is increased, and normal is < 10mm
Normally cannot see surgical clips by ultrasound
Physiology after removal of gallbladder
Bilobed gallbladder
Septated gallbladder
Phrygian cap
Hartmann pouch
Junctional fold
Normal variants of the Gallbladder
Hourglass appearance
Bilobed gallbladder
Appear as thin separations within the gallbladder
Septated gallbladder
Gallbladder fundus is folded onto itself
Phrygian cap