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Abdomen Pathology > Liver Pathology > Flashcards

Liver Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The liver stores?

A

Glycogen

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2
Q

Which lobe of the liver is donated with a transplant?

A

right

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3
Q

Which lobe of the liver generates faster?

A

left

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4
Q

Functions of the liver

A

immunity, factory for proteins and cholesterol, excretes waste via bile, produces bile for fat digestion, regulates blood clotting, detoxification, stores glycogen

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5
Q

2 blood supplies of liver

A

hepatic artery and portal vein

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6
Q

Fatty Infilatration of the liver is also called?

A

Fatty liver, steatosis

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7
Q

Fatty Liver

A

accumulation of fat within hepatocytes

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8
Q

Causes of fatty liver

A

alcohol abuse, obesity, diabetes, severe hepatitis, pregnancy, glycogen storage disease

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9
Q

Sonographic appearance of fatty infiltration

A

increased echogenicity, decreased penetration, increased attenuation

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10
Q

With fatty infiltration, vessels and diaphragm are ______ visible

A

less

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11
Q

With fatty liver, the kidney cortex will appear more _______

A

hypoechoic

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12
Q

Focal fatty sparing

A

normal liver tissue appears hypoechoic surrounded by hyperehoic fatty tissue

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13
Q

Where is focal fatty sparing usually found?

A

medial segment of left lobe near porta hepatis, anterior to the gallbladder, or anterior to the portal vein

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14
Q

What is the most common type of glycogen storage disease?

A

von Gierke disease type I

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15
Q

Glycogen storage disease

A

excess deposits of glycogen stored in liver, interstitial tract, and kidneys

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16
Q

Glycogen storage disease can cause severe _____

A

hypoglycemia

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17
Q

What type of solid liver mass is common with glycogen storage disease?

A

adenomas

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18
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

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19
Q

How is hepatitis A aquired?

A

fecal-oral route

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20
Q

True or false: Hepatitis A is acute only

A

True

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21
Q

Hepatitis A will resolve in how long?

A

6 weeks

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22
Q

How is hepatitis B transmitted?

A

drug abuse and unprotected sex

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23
Q

True or False: Hepatitis C is acute only

A

False; 1/2 cases develop into chronic hepatitis

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24
Q

How is hepatitis C transmitted?

A

blood to blood contact, transfusion of blood, drug use

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25
How does vasculature appear with hepatitis C? Why?
Hyperechoic because parenchyma is hypoechoic
26
Cirrhosis
Diffuse process that destroys normal liver lobules
27
What is the leading cause of cirrhosis?
alcohol abuse
28
With cirrhosis the liver will initially appear ______, but with continued damage it will _____
enlarged; atrophy
29
Which lobe of the liver can hypertrophy with cirrhosis?
caudate
30
Sclerosis cholangitis
progressive inflammation and scarring of bile ducts
31
How can sclerosis cholangitis cause cirrhosis?
impedes flow of bile which causes backup of bile in liver
32
What are the 4 categories of cirrhosis?
alcoholic, biliary, postnecrotic, metabolic
33
1/2 of hepatitis C develop into?
chronic hepatitis
34
What sonographic finding is consistent with hepatitis?
starry night sign (hyperechoic vessels compared to hypoechoic parenchyma)
35
True or False: Many patients with cirrhosis are asymptomatic
True
36
Signs and symptoms of cirrhosis
anorexia, coagulation defects, spider angiomas, cholelithiasis, pruritis
37
How does early cirrhosis appear?
hepatomegaly, increased echogenicity of liver parenchyma
38
How does late cirrhosis appear?
shrunken liver with caudate lobe hypertrophy, nodular surface, portal hypertension, ascites
39
What is the C/RL ratio that 100% indicates cirrhosis?
0.65
40
What is the C/RL ration that 99% indicated cirrhosis?
0.73
41
Secondary findings of cirrhosis
portal hypertension, ascites, splenomegaly, splenic and esophageal varices, recanalization of the lig. teres, varices, cholelithiasis
42
Budd-Chiari syndrome
hepatic vein outflow obstruction; can also include IVC
43
Budd-Chiari syndrome is also called?
Rokitansky's disease
44
Triad of Budd-Chiari syndrome
ascites, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly
45
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
IVC and hepatic veins dilate
46
Portal vein thrombosis
clotting in portal veins
47
How are echinoccocal cysts contracted?
dog eats tapeworm and passes it in feces which is ingested by host
48
Which liver cyst would be common in patient who recently traveled out of the country?
Echinococcal
49
Pyogenic abscesses are caused by?
bacteria
50
Which bacteria most commonly caused pyogenic abscesses?
E. coli
51
Amebic abscesses are caused by?
parasite
52
True or False: Parasites that cause amebic abscesses invade the hepatic veins
False; do not invade
53
How is schistosomiasis contracted?
contaminated water
54
How does schistosomiasis invade the body?
lymphatic or venous system
55
What sign is consistent with schistosomiasis?
turtleback sign
56
Which organism associated with HIV causes pneumitis in the liver?
pneumocystic carinii
57
What is the most common infection in people with HIV?
pneumocystic carinii
58
Which sign is associated with pneumocystic carinii?
starry sky; punctate calcifications with no shadow
59
What is the most common benign liver tumor?
hemangioma
60
Focal nodular hyperplasia tumors contain?
hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, bile ducts, fibrous connective tissue
61
What is the 2nd most common benign liver mass?
FNH
62
Sonographic appearance of FNH
isoechoic, well defined borders, centralized flow
63
FNH is linked to?
oral contraceptives
64
True or false: Hepatic adenomas to not have Kuppfer cell involvement
True
65
Hepatic adenomas are associated with?
oral conctraceptives
66
Angiomyolipomas are often seen in patients with?
tuberous sclerosis
67
Angiomyolipomas are often located near the?
diaphragm
68
Sonographic appearance of an angiomyolipoma
echogenic lesion near diaphragm
69
Angiomyolipomas are commonly also found on the?
kidneys
70
What is the most common primary malignant liver neoplasm?
HCC
71
How often does HCC develop from a hepatoma?
80-90%
72
Tumor of the bile ducts
cholangiocarcinoma
73
Liver is the ___ most common site for mets
2nd

Abdomen Pathology (6 decks)

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