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GI > Liver, pancreas and gallbladder anatomy peer teaching > Flashcards

Liver, pancreas and gallbladder anatomy peer teaching Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes does the liver have?

A

4

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2
Q

What are the lobes of the liver?

A

right
left
caudate
quadrate

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3
Q

What is the main reminent of the umbilical vein?

A

the ligamentum teres

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4
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of?

A

the ductus venosum

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5
Q

What are the ligaments of the liver?

A 
Right triangular
Left triangular 
Coronary ligament
Falciform ligament 
Ligamentum teres
Ligamentum venosum
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6
Q

What do we call the ‘hilum’ of the liver?

A

the porta hepatis

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7
Q

What comprises the porta hepatis?

A

proper hepatic artery
portal vein
hepatic ducts (bile ducts)

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8
Q

What is Glisson’s capsule?

A

a fibrous capsule surrounding the liver

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9
Q

What forms the median border of Calot’s triangle?

A

the common hepatic duct

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10
Q

what forms the inferior border of Calot’s triangle?

A

the cystic duct

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11
Q

What forms the superior border of Calot’s trinagle?

A

Inferior surface of the liver

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12
Q

What forms the borders of Calot’s triangle?

A

common hepatic duct
cystic duct
Inferior surface of the liver

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13
Q

What does Calot’s triangle contain?

A

Part of the gallbladder
the cystic artery
right hepatic artery
Bile ducts

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14
Q

Which vein supplies the liver with blood rich in nutrients from the GI tract?

A

the hepatic portal vein

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15
Q

What percentage of the liver’s blood supply is from the hepatic portal vein?

A

80%

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16
Q

Which major veins form the hepatic portal vein?

A

splenic vein
superior mesenteric vein
inferior mesenteric vein

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17
Q

Describe drainage of blood in the liver

A

via hepatic veins to the inferior vena cava

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18
Q

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

A

the right hepatic artery

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19
Q

What parts can the gallbladder be split into?

A

fundus
body
neck

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20
Q

Which plane does the gallbladder lie in?

A

the transpyloric plane of addison

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21
Q

The gallbladder can be located in the midclavicular lie under which costal cartilage?

A

9th

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22
Q

When the gallbladder is swollen or inflamed it can irritate the diaphragm and cause referred pain. Where can this referred pain be felt?

A

the right arm

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23
Q

Does the gallbaldder usually have veins?

A

no. drains into liver

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24
Q

What type of cell is bile produced by?

A

hepatocytes

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25
Q

Which duct runs directly out of the gallbaldder?

A

the cystic duct

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26
Q

Hepatic bile ducts join together to form which duct?

A

the common hepatic duct

27
Q

The common bile duct is formed from the joining of which ducts?

A

the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

28
Q

The common bile duct joins with which other duct before emptying into the duodenum?

A

the pancreatic duct

29
Q

What is the swelling called where the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct?

A

the ampulla of Vater

30
Q

Which part of the duodenum does bile drain into?

A

the second part via the major duodenal papilla

31
Q

What sphincter is present where bile drains into the duodenum?

A

the sphincter of Oddi

32
Q

List the parts of the pancreas

A 
head 
neck
body
tail
uncinate process
33
Q

Describe the blood supply of the body and tail of the pancreas

A

pancreatic branches of the splenic artery

34
Q

Which artery supplies the head, neck and body of the pancreas?

A

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from gastroduodenal artery)

35
Q

Which artery does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery arise from?

A

the gastroduodenal artery

36
Q

Describe the arterial supply of the head and uncinate process of the pancreas?

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the superior mesenteric artery

37
Q

The body, neck and tail of the pancreas are drained by which vein?

A

the splenic vein

38
Q

The head and uncinate process of the pancreas are drained by which vein?

A

superior mesenteric vein

39
Q

What does it mean to be retroperitoneal?

A

covered by parietal peritoeum on anterior surface

40
Q

What does it mean to be intraperitoneal?

A

covered by visceral peritoneum both anteriorly and posteriorly

41
Q

What is the epiploic foramen?

A

a foramen between the greater and lesser sac

42
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs ?

A 
S- suprarenal glands
A-aorta 
D- duodenum
P- pancreas
U- ureters
C- colon
K- kidneys
E- (O)esophagus 
R- rectum
43
Q

Is the pancreas retropertoneal?

A

yes

44
Q

Is the rectum retroperitoneal?

A

yes

45
Q

What is the embryonic origin of hepatocytes?

A

endoderm

46
Q

What is the embryonic orgin of mesenchymal and kupffer cells?

A

mesoderm

47
Q

At what week of development do hepatocytes start producing bile?

A

week 12

48
Q

In panceatic embryology, what does the dorsal bud give rise to?

A

part of the head, neck, body and tail

49
Q

In pancreatic embryology, what does the ventral bud give rise to?

A

part of the head and the uncinate process

50
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas?

A

the endoderm

51
Q

What is the embryonic origin of mesenchymal tissue in the pancreas?

A

mesoderm

52
Q

What are kupffer cells?

A

tissue bound macrophages found in the liver sinusoids

53
Q

What are stellate (ito) cells ?

A

pericytes within the space of Disse. Store lipids and vitamin A

54
Q

What do alpha cells in the pancreas secrete?

A

glucagon

55
Q

What do beta cells in the pancreas secrete?

A

insulin

56
Q

What do delta cells in the pancreas secrete?

A

somatostatin

57
Q

Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?

A

beta cells

58
Q

Which cells in the pancreas secrete somatostain?

A

delta cells

59
Q

What is secreted by the pancreatic acini?

A

zymogens

60
Q

What cells are found in the islets of Langerhans?

A

Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
PP cells

61
Q

What is the function of PP cells in the pancreas?

A

produce pancreatic polypeptide

62
Q

Why does the gallbaldder have microvilli?

A

absorption of water to concentrate bile

63
Q

Describe the epithelium of the gallbladder?

A

simple columnar with microvilli

GI (11 decks)

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