Liver, pancreas and gallbladder anatomy peer teaching

Question 1

How many lobes does the liver have?

Answer 1

4

Question 2

What are the lobes of the liver?

Answer 2

right
left
caudate
quadrate

Question 3

What is the main reminent of the umbilical vein?

Answer 3

the ligamentum teres

Question 4

What is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of?

Answer 4

the ductus venosum

Question 5

What are the ligaments of the liver?

Answer 5

Right triangular
Left triangular 
Coronary ligament
Falciform ligament 
Ligamentum teres
Ligamentum venosum

Question 6

What do we call the ‘hilum’ of the liver?

Answer 6

the porta hepatis

Question 7

What comprises the porta hepatis?

Answer 7

proper hepatic artery
portal vein
hepatic ducts (bile ducts)

Question 8

What is Glisson’s capsule?

Answer 8

a fibrous capsule surrounding the liver

Question 9

What forms the median border of Calot’s triangle?

Answer 9

the common hepatic duct

Question 10

what forms the inferior border of Calot’s triangle?

Answer 10

the cystic duct

Question 11

What forms the superior border of Calot’s trinagle?

Answer 11

Inferior surface of the liver

Question 12

What forms the borders of Calot’s triangle?

Answer 12

common hepatic duct
cystic duct
Inferior surface of the liver

Question 13

What does Calot’s triangle contain?

Answer 13

Part of the gallbladder
the cystic artery
right hepatic artery
Bile ducts

Question 14

Which vein supplies the liver with blood rich in nutrients from the GI tract?

Answer 14

the hepatic portal vein

Question 15

What percentage of the liver’s blood supply is from the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

Which major veins form the hepatic portal vein?

Answer 16

splenic vein
superior mesenteric vein
inferior mesenteric vein

Question 17

Describe drainage of blood in the liver

Answer 17

via hepatic veins to the inferior vena cava

Question 18

What is the cystic artery a branch of?

Answer 18

the right hepatic artery

Question 19

What parts can the gallbladder be split into?

Answer 19

fundus
body
neck

Question 20

Which plane does the gallbladder lie in?

Answer 20

the transpyloric plane of addison

Question 21

The gallbladder can be located in the midclavicular lie under which costal cartilage?

Answer 21

9th

Question 22

When the gallbladder is swollen or inflamed it can irritate the diaphragm and cause referred pain. Where can this referred pain be felt?

Answer 22

the right arm

Question 23

Does the gallbaldder usually have veins?

Answer 23

no. drains into liver

Question 24

What type of cell is bile produced by?

Answer 24

hepatocytes

Question 25

Which duct runs directly out of the gallbaldder?

Answer 25

the cystic duct

Question 26

Hepatic bile ducts join together to form which duct?

Answer 26

the common hepatic duct

Question 27

The common bile duct is formed from the joining of which ducts?

Answer 27

the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

Question 28

The common bile duct joins with which other duct before emptying into the duodenum?

Answer 28

the pancreatic duct

Question 29

What is the swelling called where the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct?

Answer 29

the ampulla of Vater

Question 30

Which part of the duodenum does bile drain into?

Answer 30

the second part via the major duodenal papilla

Question 31

What sphincter is present where bile drains into the duodenum?

Answer 31

the sphincter of Oddi

Question 32

List the parts of the pancreas

Answer 32

``` head neck body tail uncinate process ```

Question 33

Describe the blood supply of the body and tail of the pancreas

Answer 33

pancreatic branches of the splenic artery

Question 34

Which artery supplies the head, neck and body of the pancreas?

Answer 34

superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (from gastroduodenal artery)

Question 35

Which artery does the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery arise from?

Answer 35

the gastroduodenal artery

Question 36

Describe the arterial supply of the head and uncinate process of the pancreas?

Answer 36

inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery from the superior mesenteric artery

Question 37

The body, neck and tail of the pancreas are drained by which vein?

Answer 37

the splenic vein

Question 38

The head and uncinate process of the pancreas are drained by which vein?

Answer 38

superior mesenteric vein

Question 39

What does it mean to be retroperitoneal?

Answer 39

covered by parietal peritoeum on anterior surface

Question 40

What does it mean to be intraperitoneal?

Answer 40

covered by visceral peritoneum both anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 41

What is the epiploic foramen?

Answer 41

a foramen between the greater and lesser sac

Question 42

What are the retroperitoneal organs ?

Answer 42

``` S- suprarenal glands A-aorta D- duodenum P- pancreas U- ureters C- colon K- kidneys E- (O)esophagus R- rectum ```

Question 43

Is the pancreas retropertoneal?

Answer 43

yes

Question 44

Is the rectum retroperitoneal?

Answer 44

yes

Question 45

What is the embryonic origin of hepatocytes?

Answer 45

endoderm

Question 46

What is the embryonic orgin of mesenchymal and kupffer cells?

Answer 46

mesoderm

Question 47

At what week of development do hepatocytes start producing bile?

Answer 47

week 12

Question 48

In panceatic embryology, what does the dorsal bud give rise to?

Answer 48

part of the head, neck, body and tail

Question 49

In pancreatic embryology, what does the ventral bud give rise to?

Answer 49

part of the head and the uncinate process

Question 50

What is the embryonic origin of the exocrine and endocrine cells of the pancreas?

Answer 50

the endoderm

Question 51

What is the embryonic origin of mesenchymal tissue in the pancreas?

Answer 51

mesoderm

Question 52

What are kupffer cells?

Answer 52

tissue bound macrophages found in the liver sinusoids

Question 53

What are stellate (ito) cells ?

Answer 53

pericytes within the space of Disse. Store lipids and vitamin A

Question 54

What do alpha cells in the pancreas secrete?

Answer 54

glucagon

Question 55

What do beta cells in the pancreas secrete?

Answer 55

insulin

Question 56

What do delta cells in the pancreas secrete?

Answer 56

somatostatin

Question 57

Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?

Answer 57

beta cells

Question 58

Which cells in the pancreas secrete somatostain?

Answer 58

delta cells

Question 59

What is secreted by the pancreatic acini?

Answer 59

zymogens

Question 60

What cells are found in the islets of Langerhans?

Answer 60

Alpha cells Beta cells Delta cells PP cells

Question 61

What is the function of PP cells in the pancreas?

Answer 61

produce pancreatic polypeptide

Question 62

Why does the gallbaldder have microvilli?

Answer 62

absorption of water to concentrate bile

Question 63

Describe the epithelium of the gallbladder?

Answer 63

simple columnar with microvilli