Histology of the GI tract

Question 1

What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?

Answer 1

stratified squamous epithelium non-keratinising

Question 2

Which salivary gland is located by the ear?

Answer 2

the parotid gland

Question 3

What do the salivary glands produce?

Answer 3

saliva, enzymes

Question 4

What is the epithelium in the salivary glands?

Answer 4

secretory glandular epithelium

Question 5

Sjorgren’s syndrome has what symptom in the mouth?

Answer 5

dry mouth due to lack of saliva

Question 6

Describe the outer layer of muscle of the oesophagus

Answer 6

longitudinal

Question 7

Describe the inner layer of muscle of the oesophagus

Answer 7

circular

Question 8

What type of epithelium lines the oesophagus?

Answer 8

stratified squamous

Question 9

Does the oesophagus have glands?

Answer 9

yes, secretory submucosal glands

Question 10

What is the function of glands in the oesophagus?

Answer 10

secrete mucus for the lubrication of the oesophagus

Question 11

What type of stomach cell produces HCl?

Answer 11

parietal cells

Question 12

What cells in the stomach produce pepsinogen and lipase?

Answer 12

cheif cells

Question 13

Does the gastric antrum produce HCl or enzymes?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

What bacteria can cause stomach ulcers?

Answer 14

helicobacter pylori

Question 15

Is the epithelium of the intestines glandular?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

What are the layers of the intestines?

Answer 16

mucosa
submucosa (connective tissue)
muscularis propria (has two layers- outer is longitudinal and inner is circular)

Question 17

How many layers does the muscularis propria of the intestines have?

Answer 17

two

Question 18

Describe the outer layer of the muscle of the intestines

Answer 18

longitudinal

Question 19

Describe the inner layer of muscle of the intestines

Answer 19

circular

Question 20

What are the pacemaker cells of the bowel?

Answer 20

interstial cells of cajal

Question 21

In the gut, where will you find stem cells?

Answer 21

at the bottom of crypts

Question 22

What is the first part of the small intestine?

Answer 22

the duodenum

Question 23

What is the last part of the small intestine?

Answer 23

ileum

Question 24

What features does the small intestine have to increase its surface area?

Answer 24

villi

microvilli

Question 25

What does MALT stand for?

Answer 25

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

Question 26

Vilous atrophy is a symptom of which common disease?

Answer 26

coeliac disease

Question 27

Describe the mucosal surface in the appendix

Answer 27

flat mucosa, no villi

Question 28

Describe the mucosa of the large intestine

Answer 28

flat | no villi

Question 29

What is the ventral surface of the tongue?

Answer 29

the bottom of the tongue

Question 30

Describe the epithelium on the ventral surface of the tongue

Answer 30

stratified squamous non-keratinising

Question 31

Which surface of the tongue has stratified squamous keratinising epithelium?

Answer 31

dorsal (upper)

Question 32

Where do the extrinsic muscle fibres of the tongue insert?

Answer 32

lower jaw

Question 33

What are the folds called on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

Answer 33

papillae

Question 34

What is the most common type of papillae on the tongue?

Answer 34

filiform

Question 35

What type of papillae covers the anterior two thirds od the tongue?

Answer 35

filiform

Question 36

Branches of which nerve pass through the parotid glands?

Answer 36

the facial nerve

Question 37

Which salivary glands lie beneath the tongue?

Answer 37

sublingual

Question 38

Which salivary glands lie under the mandible?

Answer 38

submandibular

Question 39

What forms the border between oropharnynx and laryngeal pharynx?

Answer 39

epiglottis

Question 40

What type of epithelium is the epiglottis mostly covered by and what part is the exception?

Answer 40

mostly covered by stratified squamous epithelium exception is the lower part of its lower surface which is covered by respiratory epithelium- pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated epithelium

Question 41

What are the layers of the gut tube in parts that face the peritoneal cavity

Answer 41

mucosa submucosa muscularis propria serosa

Question 42

What are the three components of the GI mucosa?

Answer 42

``` epithelium lamina propria (layer of connective tissue) muscularis mucosa (ring of smooth muscle) ```

Question 43

What is the connective tissue layer in the gut mucosa called?

Answer 43

lamina propria

Question 44

What is the ring of smooth muscle in the gut mucosa called?

Answer 44

muscularis mucosa

Question 45

Meissner's plexus is a part of the enteric nervous system. In which layer of the gut will you find it?

Answer 45

submucosa

Question 46

Auerbach's plexus is part of the enteric nervous system. In which layer of the gut will you find it?

Answer 46

muscularis propria

Question 47

What type of epithelium is the serosa?

Answer 47

simple squamous

Question 48

How does the outermost layer of muscle change along the oesophagus?

Answer 48

At the proximal end it is mostly skeletal muscle and at the distal end it is mostly smooth muscle

Question 49

In which layer of the oesophagus will you find sero-mucus glands?

Answer 49

submucosa

Question 50

What are the four regions of the stomach?

Answer 50

1. the cardia 2. the fundus 3. the body 4. the pylorus

Question 51

Folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called?

Answer 51

rugae

Question 52

What type of epithelium lines the stomach?

Answer 52

simple columnar

Question 53

How many layers does the muscularis propria of the stomach have?

Answer 53

three

Question 54

Which cells in the stomach secrete mucus? Where are they located?

Answer 54

mucous neck cells | located in the fundus, body, cardia and pylorus

Question 55

Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?

Answer 55

parietal cells

Question 56

What is the inactive form of pepsin?

Answer 56

pepsinogen

Question 57

where in the stomach will you find cheif and parietal cells?

Answer 57

body and fundus

Question 58

Where in the stomach will you not find cheif or parietal cells?

Answer 58

in the cardia or pylorus

Question 59

What is at the bottom of gastric pits?

Answer 59

gastric glands

Question 60

What is the other name for a oxyntic cell?

Answer 60

parietal cell

Question 61

What is intrinsic factor important for?

Answer 61

absorption of B12

Question 62

What are zymogenic cells also called?

Answer 62

chief cells

Question 63

What are the visible folds of the intestines called?

Answer 63

plicae circulares

Question 64

Where are plicae circulares most numerous?

Answer 64

jejunum

Question 65

Where are plicae circulares least numerous?

Answer 65

the distal part of the colon

Question 66

What lies between villi in the small intestine?

Answer 66

crypts

Question 67

What are the major absoptive cells of the bowel?

Answer 67

enterocytes

Question 68

Where in the small intestine would you find brunner's glands? What is their function?

Answer 68

the duodenum | alkaline secretion helps neutralise chyme

Question 69

Are there villi in the large intestine?

Answer 69

NO

Question 70

What distinguishes the jejunum from the duodenum and the ileum.

Answer 70

The jejunum does not have Brunner's glands- the duodenum does The jejunum does not have large lymph nodules- the ileum does

Question 71

What are peyer's patches- found in the ileum?

Answer 71

large patches of lymphoid tissue

Question 72

Are villi taller in the jejunum or the ileum?

Answer 72

villi are taller in the jejunum than in the ileum

Question 73

What cells do the intestinal crypts of the large intestine mainly contain?

Answer 73

enterocytes and goblet cells

Question 74

The outer layer of smooth muscle of the large intestine can be seen as three longitudinal bands. What are these called?

Answer 74

taeniae coli

Question 75

What type of epithelium lines the rectum?

Answer 75

simple columnar

Question 76

What type of epithelium lines the anal canal?

Answer 76

stratified squamous epithelium that becomes keratinised at the distal end