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GI > Histology of the GI tract > Flashcards

Histology of the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oral cavity?

A

stratified squamous epithelium non-keratinising

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2
Q

Which salivary gland is located by the ear?

A

the parotid gland

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3
Q

What do the salivary glands produce?

A

saliva, enzymes

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4
Q

What is the epithelium in the salivary glands?

A

secretory glandular epithelium

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5
Q

Sjorgren’s syndrome has what symptom in the mouth?

A

dry mouth due to lack of saliva

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6
Q

Describe the outer layer of muscle of the oesophagus

A

longitudinal

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7
Q

Describe the inner layer of muscle of the oesophagus

A

circular

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8
Q

What type of epithelium lines the oesophagus?

A

stratified squamous

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9
Q

Does the oesophagus have glands?

A

yes, secretory submucosal glands

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10
Q

What is the function of glands in the oesophagus?

A

secrete mucus for the lubrication of the oesophagus

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11
Q

What type of stomach cell produces HCl?

A

parietal cells

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12
Q

What cells in the stomach produce pepsinogen and lipase?

A

cheif cells

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13
Q

Does the gastric antrum produce HCl or enzymes?

A

No

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14
Q

What bacteria can cause stomach ulcers?

A

helicobacter pylori

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15
Q

Is the epithelium of the intestines glandular?

A

yes

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16
Q

What are the layers of the intestines?

A

mucosa
submucosa (connective tissue)
muscularis propria (has two layers- outer is longitudinal and inner is circular)

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17
Q

How many layers does the muscularis propria of the intestines have?

A

two

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18
Q

Describe the outer layer of the muscle of the intestines

A

longitudinal

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19
Q

Describe the inner layer of muscle of the intestines

A

circular

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20
Q

What are the pacemaker cells of the bowel?

A

interstial cells of cajal

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21
Q

In the gut, where will you find stem cells?

A

at the bottom of crypts

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22
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine?

A

the duodenum

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23
Q

What is the last part of the small intestine?

A

ileum

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24
Q

What features does the small intestine have to increase its surface area?

A

villi

microvilli

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25
Q

What does MALT stand for?

A

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue

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26
Q

Vilous atrophy is a symptom of which common disease?

A

coeliac disease

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27
Q

Describe the mucosal surface in the appendix

A

flat mucosa, no villi

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28
Q

Describe the mucosa of the large intestine

A

flat

no villi

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29
Q

What is the ventral surface of the tongue?

A

the bottom of the tongue

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30
Q

Describe the epithelium on the ventral surface of the tongue

A

stratified squamous non-keratinising

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31
Q

Which surface of the tongue has stratified squamous keratinising epithelium?

A

dorsal (upper)

32
Q

Where do the extrinsic muscle fibres of the tongue insert?

A

lower jaw

33
Q

What are the folds called on the dorsal surface of the tongue?

A

papillae

34
Q

What is the most common type of papillae on the tongue?

A

filiform

35
Q

What type of papillae covers the anterior two thirds od the tongue?

A

filiform

36
Q

Branches of which nerve pass through the parotid glands?

A

the facial nerve

37
Q

Which salivary glands lie beneath the tongue?

A

sublingual

38
Q

Which salivary glands lie under the mandible?

A

submandibular

39
Q

What forms the border between oropharnynx and laryngeal pharynx?

A

epiglottis

40
Q

What type of epithelium is the epiglottis mostly covered by and what part is the exception?

A

mostly covered by stratified squamous epithelium
exception is the lower part of its lower surface which is covered by respiratory epithelium- pseudo-stratified columnar ciliated epithelium

41
Q

What are the layers of the gut tube in parts that face the peritoneal cavity

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis propria
serosa

42
Q

What are the three components of the GI mucosa?

A 
epithelium
lamina propria (layer of connective tissue)
muscularis mucosa (ring of smooth muscle)
43
Q

What is the connective tissue layer in the gut mucosa called?

A

lamina propria

44
Q

What is the ring of smooth muscle in the gut mucosa called?

A

muscularis mucosa

45
Q

Meissner’s plexus is a part of the enteric nervous system. In which layer of the gut will you find it?

A

submucosa

46
Q

Auerbach’s plexus is part of the enteric nervous system. In which layer of the gut will you find it?

A

muscularis propria

47
Q

What type of epithelium is the serosa?

A

simple squamous

48
Q

How does the outermost layer of muscle change along the oesophagus?

A

At the proximal end it is mostly skeletal muscle and at the distal end it is mostly smooth muscle

49
Q

In which layer of the oesophagus will you find sero-mucus glands?

A

submucosa

50
Q

What are the four regions of the stomach?

A
  1. the cardia
  2. the fundus
  3. the body
  4. the pylorus
51
Q

Folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called?

A

rugae

52
Q

What type of epithelium lines the stomach?

A

simple columnar

53
Q

How many layers does the muscularis propria of the stomach have?

A

three

54
Q

Which cells in the stomach secrete mucus? Where are they located?

A

mucous neck cells

located in the fundus, body, cardia and pylorus

55
Q

Which cells secrete intrinsic factor?

A

parietal cells

56
Q

What is the inactive form of pepsin?

A

pepsinogen

57
Q

where in the stomach will you find cheif and parietal cells?

A

body and fundus

58
Q

Where in the stomach will you not find cheif or parietal cells?

A

in the cardia or pylorus

59
Q

What is at the bottom of gastric pits?

A

gastric glands

60
Q

What is the other name for a oxyntic cell?

A

parietal cell

61
Q

What is intrinsic factor important for?

A

absorption of B12

62
Q

What are zymogenic cells also called?

A

chief cells

63
Q

What are the visible folds of the intestines called?

A

plicae circulares

64
Q

Where are plicae circulares most numerous?

A

jejunum

65
Q

Where are plicae circulares least numerous?

A

the distal part of the colon

66
Q

What lies between villi in the small intestine?

A

crypts

67
Q

What are the major absoptive cells of the bowel?

A

enterocytes

68
Q

Where in the small intestine would you find brunner’s glands? What is their function?

A

the duodenum

alkaline secretion helps neutralise chyme

69
Q

Are there villi in the large intestine?

A

NO

70
Q

What distinguishes the jejunum from the duodenum and the ileum.

A

The jejunum does not have Brunner’s glands- the duodenum does
The jejunum does not have large lymph nodules- the ileum does

71
Q

What are peyer’s patches- found in the ileum?

A

large patches of lymphoid tissue

72
Q

Are villi taller in the jejunum or the ileum?

A

villi are taller in the jejunum than in the ileum

73
Q

What cells do the intestinal crypts of the large intestine mainly contain?

A

enterocytes and goblet cells

74
Q

The outer layer of smooth muscle of the large intestine can be seen as three longitudinal bands. What are these called?

A

taeniae coli

75
Q

What type of epithelium lines the rectum?

A

simple columnar

76
Q

What type of epithelium lines the anal canal?

A

stratified squamous epithelium that becomes keratinised at the distal end

GI (11 decks)

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