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GI > Histology of the GI tract (pancreas, liver, gallbladder) > Flashcards

Histology of the GI tract (pancreas, liver, gallbladder) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the main cells in the liver?

A

hepatocytes

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2
Q

What is the definition of a classic lobule?

A

the area drained by one central hepatic venule

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3
Q

What rough shape is a classic lobule?

A

hexagonal

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4
Q

What do you find at the corners of a classic lobule?

A

portal tracts

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5
Q

What does a portal tract consist of?

A

bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery

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6
Q

What is the alternative architecture to the classic lobule when looking at the liver?

A

the acinus

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7
Q

What shape is a liver acinus?

A

diamond

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8
Q

In a liver acinus, what will you find at the ends of the short axis?

A

portal tracts

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9
Q

In a liver acinus, what will you find at the ends of the long axis?

A

central veins

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10
Q

Describe the flow of blood in a lobule of the liver

A

blood flows from the portal tracts, through sinusoids and into the central vein

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11
Q

Which hepatocyte will have a greater supply of oxygen?:
a hepatocyte close to the central vein
a hepatocye close to a portal tract

A

the hepatocyte close to the portal tract

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12
Q

describe a hepatocyte nucleus

A

large and spherical
prominent nucleoli
hepatocytes may be binucleate

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13
Q

Are hepatocytes rich in mitochondria?

A

yes

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14
Q

Hepatocytes have three important surfaces. What are they?

A

sinusoidal, canalicular and intercellular

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15
Q

What occurs at the sinusoidal surface of the hepatocyte?

A

exchange of material with blood

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16
Q

What does the canalicular surface of a hepatocyte permit?

A

excretion of bile

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17
Q

What is the space called that lies between the endothelial cells of the sinusoid and the sinusoidal surface of the hepatocyte?

A

the space of Disse

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18
Q

What phagocytic cells can you find in the liver sinusoids?

A

kupffer cells

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19
Q

Do sinusoids in the liver have a basement membrane?

A

No

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20
Q

Where is bile synthesised?

A

in hepatocytes

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21
Q

Where in the liver will you find reticulin fibres and a population of stem cells aka hepatic stellate cells aka ito cells?

A

Space of Disse

22
Q

After the hepatocyte has synthesised bile, where does the bile then drain?

A

into canaliculi that lie between individual hepatocytes

23
Q

Where does bile drain into from canaliculi?

A

bile ductules

24
Q

What do bile ductules fuse to form?

A

trabecular ducts

25
Q

What type of duct fuses to form bile ducts?

A

trabecular ducts

26
Q

Describe the path of bile from it’s synthesis in the hepatocytes to its drainage into bile ducts

A

canaliculi&raquo_space; bile ductules&raquo_space;trabecular ducts&raquo_space;bile ducts

27
Q

Describe the epithelium of the bile ducts

A

simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

28
Q

As the size of the bile duct increases, what happens to the height of the epithelium?

A

height of the epithelium increases

29
Q

If bile is not released directly into the duodenum where will it go?

A

the gallbladder

30
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

concentrates and stores bile

31
Q

Describe the epithelium of the gallbladder?

A

simple columnar with microvilli

32
Q

In the gallbladder, what lies beneath the basement membrane?

A

mucosa- loose fibrous connective tissue

muscularis propria

33
Q

Is most of the pancreas exocrine or endocrine?

A

mostly exocrine

34
Q

What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?

A

to synthesise and secrete enzymes and bicarbonate rich fluid into the duodenum

35
Q

Describe the fibrous capsule of the pancreas

A

poorly defined

36
Q

Describe the arrangement of epithelial cells in the pancreas

A

arranged in acini

37
Q

What shape are acinar cells?

A

pyramidal

38
Q

What are acinar cells rich in basally?

A

RER

39
Q

What are acinar cells rich in apically?

A

zymogen granules(enzyme precursors)

40
Q

The secretion of acinar cells in the pancreas drains into a duct system begninng with….?

A

centroacinar cells

41
Q

Where in the acini are the centroacinar cells loacted?

A

In the centre of acini

42
Q

Centroacinar cells give rise to what type of duct?

A

Intercalated ducts

43
Q

What do intercalated ducts in the pancreas fuse to form?

A

interlobular ducts

44
Q

The main pancreatic duct is a result of the fusion of which type of duct ?

A

interlobular ducts

45
Q

Describe the passage of acinar cell sectretion from the centroacinar cells to the main pancreatic duct

A

centroacinar cells&raquo_space; intercalated ducts&raquo_space; interlobular ducts&raquo_space; main pancreatic duct

46
Q

What are the interlobular ducts of the pancreas lined by?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

47
Q

What is the main pancreatic duct lined by?

A

simple columnar epithelium

48
Q

Do hepatocytes usually contain glycogen?

A

Yes, hepatocytes act as a glycogen store

49
Q

What type of collagen is reticulin?

A

type III

50
Q

Which artery supplies the gallbladder?

A

the cystic artery

GI (11 decks)

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