Histology of the GI tract (pancreas, liver, gallbladder)

Question 1

What is the name for the main cells in the liver?

Answer 1

hepatocytes

Question 2

What is the definition of a classic lobule?

Answer 2

the area drained by one central hepatic venule

Question 3

What rough shape is a classic lobule?

Answer 3

hexagonal

Question 4

What do you find at the corners of a classic lobule?

Answer 4

portal tracts

Question 5

What does a portal tract consist of?

Answer 5

bile duct, portal vein, hepatic artery

Question 6

What is the alternative architecture to the classic lobule when looking at the liver?

Answer 6

the acinus

Question 7

What shape is a liver acinus?

Answer 7

diamond

Question 8

In a liver acinus, what will you find at the ends of the short axis?

Answer 8

portal tracts

Question 9

In a liver acinus, what will you find at the ends of the long axis?

Answer 9

central veins

Question 10

Describe the flow of blood in a lobule of the liver

Answer 10

blood flows from the portal tracts, through sinusoids and into the central vein

Question 11

Which hepatocyte will have a greater supply of oxygen?:
a hepatocyte close to the central vein
a hepatocye close to a portal tract

Answer 11

the hepatocyte close to the portal tract

Question 12

describe a hepatocyte nucleus

Answer 12

large and spherical
prominent nucleoli
hepatocytes may be binucleate

Question 13

Are hepatocytes rich in mitochondria?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Hepatocytes have three important surfaces. What are they?

Answer 14

sinusoidal, canalicular and intercellular

Question 15

What occurs at the sinusoidal surface of the hepatocyte?

Answer 15

exchange of material with blood

Question 16

What does the canalicular surface of a hepatocyte permit?

Answer 16

excretion of bile

Question 17

What is the space called that lies between the endothelial cells of the sinusoid and the sinusoidal surface of the hepatocyte?

Answer 17

the space of Disse

Question 18

What phagocytic cells can you find in the liver sinusoids?

Answer 18

kupffer cells

Question 19

Do sinusoids in the liver have a basement membrane?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

Where is bile synthesised?

Answer 20

in hepatocytes

Question 21

Where in the liver will you find reticulin fibres and a population of stem cells aka hepatic stellate cells aka ito cells?

Answer 21

Space of Disse

Question 22

After the hepatocyte has synthesised bile, where does the bile then drain?

Answer 22

into canaliculi that lie between individual hepatocytes

Question 23

Where does bile drain into from canaliculi?

Answer 23

bile ductules

Question 24

What do bile ductules fuse to form?

Answer 24

trabecular ducts

Question 25

What type of duct fuses to form bile ducts?

Answer 25

trabecular ducts

Question 26

Describe the path of bile from it's synthesis in the hepatocytes to its drainage into bile ducts

Answer 26

canaliculi >> bile ductules >>trabecular ducts >>bile ducts

Question 27

Describe the epithelium of the bile ducts

Answer 27

simple cuboidal to columnar epithelium

Question 28

As the size of the bile duct increases, what happens to the height of the epithelium?

Answer 28

height of the epithelium increases

Question 29

If bile is not released directly into the duodenum where will it go?

Answer 29

the gallbladder

Question 30

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 30

concentrates and stores bile

Question 31

Describe the epithelium of the gallbladder?

Answer 31

simple columnar with microvilli

Question 32

In the gallbladder, what lies beneath the basement membrane?

Answer 32

mucosa- loose fibrous connective tissue | muscularis propria

Question 33

Is most of the pancreas exocrine or endocrine?

Answer 33

mostly exocrine

Question 34

What is the function of the exocrine pancreas?

Answer 34

to synthesise and secrete enzymes and bicarbonate rich fluid into the duodenum

Question 35

Describe the fibrous capsule of the pancreas

Answer 35

poorly defined

Question 36

Describe the arrangement of epithelial cells in the pancreas

Answer 36

arranged in acini

Question 37

What shape are acinar cells?

Answer 37

pyramidal

Question 38

What are acinar cells rich in basally?

Answer 38

RER

Question 39

What are acinar cells rich in apically?

Answer 39

zymogen granules(enzyme precursors)

Question 40

The secretion of acinar cells in the pancreas drains into a duct system begninng with....?

Answer 40

centroacinar cells

Question 41

Where in the acini are the centroacinar cells loacted?

Answer 41

In the centre of acini

Question 42

Centroacinar cells give rise to what type of duct?

Answer 42

Intercalated ducts

Question 43

What do intercalated ducts in the pancreas fuse to form?

Answer 43

interlobular ducts

Question 44

The main pancreatic duct is a result of the fusion of which type of duct ?

Answer 44

interlobular ducts

Question 45

Describe the passage of acinar cell sectretion from the centroacinar cells to the main pancreatic duct

Answer 45

centroacinar cells >> intercalated ducts >> interlobular ducts >> main pancreatic duct

Question 46

What are the interlobular ducts of the pancreas lined by?

Answer 46

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 47

What is the main pancreatic duct lined by?

Answer 47

simple columnar epithelium

Question 48

Do hepatocytes usually contain glycogen?

Answer 48

Yes, hepatocytes act as a glycogen store

Question 49

What type of collagen is reticulin?

Answer 49

type III

Question 50

Which artery supplies the gallbladder?

Answer 50

the cystic artery