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GI anatomy peer teaching Flashcards

1
Q

What artery supplies the foregut?

A

the coeliac trunk

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2
Q

What artery supplies the midgut?

A

superior mesenteric artery

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3
Q

What artery supplies the hindgut?

A

inferior mesenteric artery

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4
Q

What is the nerve supply of the foregut?

A

greater splanchnic nerve T5-T9

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5
Q

What is the nerve supply of the midgut?

A

lesser splanchnic nerve T10-T11

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6
Q

What is the nerve supply of the hindgut?

A

least splanchnic nerve T12

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7
Q

In terms of vertebral levels where will you find the sympathetic chain?

A

T1-L2

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8
Q

What are the sphincters of the stomach?

A

pyloric sphincter

cardiac sphincter

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9
Q

What are the two openings of the stomach called?

A

Cardiac orifice

Pyloric orifice

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10
Q

What are the ridges called on the inner surface of the stomach?

A

rugae

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11
Q

Which arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

right gastroepiploic artery

left gastroepiploic artery

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12
Q

What arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

right gastric artery

left gastric artery

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13
Q

Which arteries supply the fundus of the stomach?

A

Short gastric arteries

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14
Q

The short gastric arteries are branches of which artery?

A

the splenic artery

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15
Q

What are the three main branches of the coeliac trunk?

A

Common hepatic
Left Gastric
Splenic

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16
Q

Where does the right gastric artery arise from?

A

the common hepatic artery

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17
Q

The left gastroepiploic artery is a branch of which artery?

A

the splenic artery

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18
Q

Which part of the duodenum does the main pancreatic duct and bile duct empty into?

A

second part via the major papilla

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19
Q

Which sphincter controls the emptying of the bile and main pancreatic ducts into the duodenum?

A

sphincter of Oddi

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20
Q

Describe the muscosa in the duodenum?

A

The muscosa of D1 is smooth but in the rest of the duodenum there are plicae circulares

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21
Q

Which part of the small intestine is the longest?

A

ileum

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22
Q

In which part of the small intestine will you find many peyer’s patches?

A

ileum

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23
Q

What are the arches of artery called that are found in the mesentary of the jejunum and ileum called?

A

arcades

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24
Q

What are the short, straight arteries that arise from arcades called?

A

vasa recta

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25
Which part of the small intestine has the most vasa rectae?
ileum
26
Describe the blood supply of the ascending colon?
right colic artery from the superior mesenteric artery
27
Describe the blood supply to the transverse colon?
middle colic artery from superior mesenteric artery
28
Describe the blood supply to the descending colon?
left colic artery from inferior mesenteric artery
29
Describe the blood supply to the sigmoid colon?
sigmoidal arteries from the inferior mesenteric artery
30
Which vein drains the ascending and transverse colon?
superior mesenteric vein
31
Which vein drains the descending and sigmoid colon?
inferior mesenteric vein
32
Which parts of the small intestine are mobile?
All but D1
33
Which parts of the large intestine are mobile?
All but ascending and descending colon
34
Which part of the GI tract has haustrations?
Large intestine
35
Does the large intestine have villi?
No
36
What are the three muscles of the abdominal wall?
External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis
37
In which direction do the fibres of external oblique run?
inferomedially
38
In which direction do the fibres of internal oblique run?
superomedially
39
What sheath surrounds the rectus abdominis?
rectus sheath. Behind- posterior rectus sheath Infront- anterior rectus sheath
40
What is an aponeurosis?
a sheet like tendinous expansion
41
The aponeurosis of which muscles creates the rectus sheath?
External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis
42
The nature of the rectus sheath is different in different areas. How are these areas divided?
Divided into above the arcuate line and below the arcuate line
43
Above the arcuate line, what is the anterior layer of the rectus sheath comprised of?
The external oblique aponeurosis | Half of the internal oblique aponeurosis
44
Above the arcuate line, what is the posterior layer of the rectus sheath comprised of?
Half the internal oblique aponeurosis | The transversus abdominis aponeurosis
45
What name is given to the point of fusion of the anterior and posterior layers of the rectus sheath?
linear alba
46
Describe the rectus sheath below the arcuate line
All three aponeuroses go infront of the rectus abdominis
47
Below the arcuate line, what lies beneath the rectus abdominis muscle?
Transversalis fascia | Peritoneum
48
When splitting the abdomen into 9 regions, what lines are used?
Midclavicular lines Subcostal plane Intercristal plane
49
What structures does the transpyloric plane of addison cross?
Gallbladder Pancreas Pylorus Kidneys
50
At what vertebral level is the transpyloric plane of addison ?
L1
51
What comprises the foregut?
pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Proximal 1/2 of duodenum
52
What comprises the midgut?
``` distal 1/2 of duodenum jejunum ileum caecum and appendix ascending colon proximal 2/3rds of transverse colon ```
53
What comprises the hindut?
``` distal 1/3 of transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal ```
54
What are the three types of tongue papillae
filiform, fungiform and circumvallate
55
Where do you find fungiform papillae?
sides and tip of tongue
56
Where do you find circumvallate papillae?
In a V shape, separating the anterior 2/3 of the tongue from the posterior third
57
What type of epithlium is found in the colon and rectum?
Simple columnar, no villi
58
What type of epithelium is found in the small intestine?
Simple columnar, villi
59
What type of epithelium is found in the stomach?
simple columnar
60
Describe the muscle layers in the oesophagus
Inner- circular | Outer- longitudinal
61
Describe the muscle layers of the stomach?
``` Oblique fibres (inner) Circular fibres (middle) Longitundinal fibres (outermost) ```
62
Where in the stomach are cheif and parietal cells mainly found?
the body
63
What type of gland are only found in the duodenum?
brunner's glands
64
Which part of the small intestine has the most closely packed plicae circulares?
jejunum

GI (11 decks)

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