Liver (midterm) Flashcards
What is the heaviest gland in the body?
liver
What is the 2nd largest organ in the body?
liver
The liver has metabolic functions with what 3 food stuff?
CHO, lipid, protein
The liver has a glucose buffer function. What does this control?
-glycogen storage (glycogenesis)
-gluconeogenesis
-glycogenolysis with glucagon
In the liver, ___________ and ___________ are converted to glucose and there is also biochemical formation of CHO metabolic intermediates
galactose, fructose
The liver has numerous protein functions:
-deamination of AAs occurs here and forms urea from ammonia
-the liver synthesizes __________ proteins
-AAs interconversions and synthesis of biomolecules from AAs
-gluconeogenesis
-AA transamination
plasma
The liver has lipid functions:
-oxidation of FA for energy production
-synthesis of _____________, phospholipids, lipoproteins
-fat synthesis from proteins and CHOs
cholesterol (for bile salts)
The liver synthesizes cholesterols that are used in cell membranes and for _________________ synthesis
steroid hormone
The liver synthesizes lipoproteins which are used to transport FAs in the bloodstream. HDL is the good one and takes FAs back to liver, whereas LDL is the bad one and takes FAs out to the tissues. This results in storage of ______
fats
The liver can remove/alter drugs and hormones from circulation into bile via ___________ which is a signal to kidney to secrete (this is known as first pass metabolism)
sulfation
The liver can excrete ___________ by releasing bile salts to help digestion by emulsification
bilirubin
The liver synthesizes bile and bile salts, stores vitamins and minerals, stores iron as ferritin and copper, is able to do phagocytosis of aged RBCs and bacteria, can activate vitamin _____ which increases the uptake of calcium from the gut into the blood, the liver does coagulation synthesis, has immune system molecules, and serves as a blood reservoir
D (calcitrol)
What fat soluble vitamins are stored in liver?
KADE and vit B12
The liver is located below the…
diaphragm
Which lobe of the liver is larger?
right lobe
On which lobe of the liver does the gallbladder sit?
R lobe (the size, R lobe being larger than left also causes the R kidney to sit lower than the L kidney AND causes right-hemidiaphragm to be higher than L)
What are the 3 parts of the gallbladder?
fundus, body, neck
Which cells are resident macrophages and phagocytize microbes and foreign material in the liver?
Kupffer cells
The liver receives a double supply of blood from the….
hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein
All blood eventually leaves the liver via the….
hepatic vein
What are the small divisions of the liver called?
lobules
Which artery in the liver is a nutritive artery?
hepatic artery
The _______ ductule goes from the liver lobules to the gallbladder
bile
Within lobules, hepatocytes are arranged in cords called….
parenchyma
