Acid Base Regulation (Final)

Question 1

Is it normal to pee out glucose or AAs?

Answer 1

no

Question 2

H+ ion conc. is precisely regulated. What is the preferred arterial H?

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

Body fluid chemical buffers are rapid and temporary. What are the 4 main chemical buffer systems of the body?

Answer 3

1) bicarbonate
2) ammonia
3) proteins
4) phosphate

Question 4

Lungs are rapid and will eliminate CO2 but cannot be maintained for days. An increase in H+ conc. will result in….

Answer 4

increased ventilation and decreased CO2

Question 5

Kidneys are slow and powerful. They eliminate non-volatile acids buffered in tubule filtrate. What do kidneys secrete, reabsorb, and generate?

Answer 5

secrete H+

reabsorb bicarb

generate new bicarb through phosphates or glutamine

Question 6

What is an example of a volatile acid that is also a metabolic acid?

Answer 6

CO2

Question 7

Where is the bicarb buffer system?

Answer 7

extracellular in the blood

Question 8

What is the most important ECF buffer?

Answer 8

bicarb

Question 9

What are the 2 most important renal tubular buffers?

Answer 9

phosphate and ammonia

Question 10

What is the most important intracellular buffer?

Answer 10

proteins (proteins are too big to leave so they have to be inside of the cell)

note: the protein buffering system is 60-70% of all buffering inside of the cels

Question 11

Which has a higher pH and why- arterial or venous blood?

test q

Answer 11

arterial has a higher pH

venous has a lower pH bc it has more CO2

bc of this, blood and cellular pH are closely regulated, whereas urine has a wide range of pH

Question 12

The CO2 and bicarb from the bicarb buffer system are closely regulated by what?

Answer 12

the lungs and kidneys

Question 13

CO2 combines with water within the tubule cell, forming H2CO3. H2CO3 is quickly slit, forming H+ and bicarb ion. H+ is secreted into the _________. For each H+ secreted, a HCO3- enters the peritubular capillary blood either via symport with Na+ or via antiport with Cl-. Secreted H+ combines with HCO3- in the filtrate forming carbonic acid. Bicarb disappears from the filtrate at the same rate that bicarb (formed within tubule cell) enters the peritubular capillary blood. The H2CO3 formed in the filtrate dissociates to release CO2 and water. The CO2 diffuses into the tubule cell, where it triggers further H+ secretion

test q

Answer 13

filtrate

note: whenever a H+ is secreted into the tubular lumen and binds with a buffer other than HCO3-, then a new HCO3- (bicarb) s created with either phosphate or ammonia