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GI - Week 2 > Liver Injury > Flashcards

Liver Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Does the liver normally have bile?

A

No

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2
Q

Does the liver normally have hemosiderin?

A

No

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3
Q

Hepatocyte plates are normally this many cells thick

A

One

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4
Q

Is a brown liver normal?

A

Yes; becomes brown as we age

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5
Q

Do the portal triads usually have many lymphocytes histologically?

A

No; scant lymphocytes

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6
Q

Portal triads are normally bordered by this

A

Limiting plate

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7
Q

Is steatosis reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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8
Q

Is cholestasis reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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9
Q

Is ballooning degeneration reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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10
Q

Is Mallory hyaline reversible or irreversible?

A

Reversible

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11
Q

This condition is intracellular fat droplets in the liver, due to hepatocellular dysfunction

A

Steatosis

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12
Q

Does steatosis usually cause damage?

A

Not unless accompanied by inflammation (Steatohepatitis)

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13
Q

Is Steatohepatitis reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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14
Q

This condition occurs when there is bile backed up in the liver
Can be intrahepatic due to hepatocyte dysfunction, or intraductular and canalicular due to obstruction

A

Cholestasis

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15
Q

Cholestasis occurs when this compound is backed up in the liver

A

Bile

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16
Q

This condition is clumping of intermediate filaments due to hepatocyte metabolic damage

A

Mallory Hyaline

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17
Q

Mallory Hyaline is clumping of these compounds

A

Intermediate filaments

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18
Q

Mallory Hyaline is most strongly associated with this disease

A

Alcoholic liver disease

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19
Q

This reversible injury of the liver is most strongly associated with alcoholic liver disease

A

Mallory Hyaline

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20
Q

This liver injury occurs due to hepatocellular inability to maintain water homeostasis
Reticulated cytoplasm; not completely clear

A

Balloon degeneration

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21
Q

Is acidophil body reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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22
Q

Is Kupffer cell cluster reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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23
Q

Is confluent necrosis reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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24
Q

Is fibrosis of the liver reversible or irreversible?

A

Irreversible

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25
Q

This is a necrotic individual hepatocyte

A

Acidophil body

(dense eosinophilic cytoplasm; contracted cell)

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26
Q

Kupffer cell cluster is most closely associated with this condition

A

Viral hepatitis

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27
Q

This irreversible injury of the liver is most closely associated with viral hepatitis

A

Kupffer cell cluster

28
Q

This irreversible liver injury is mononuclear phagocytic cells surrounding dead hepatocyte

A

Kupffer cell cluster

29
Q

In confluent necrosis, is sinusoidal endothelium still viable?

A

May still be viable

30
Q

Confluent necrosis is more associated with this type of injury to the liver

31
Q

This irreversible injury of the liver is more associated with ischemic injuries

A

Confluent necrosis

32
Q

During fibrosis of the liver, collagen produced by stellate cells beneath sinusoidal endothelium occurs due to these two cytokines

A

TGF-beta and IL-17

33
Q

In fibrosis of the liver, collagen is produced by these cells beneath sinusoidal endothelium

A

Stellate cells

34
Q

This irreversible injury to the liver often begins as expanded triad

35
Q

Fibrosis of the liver often begins as this

A

Expanded triad

36
Q

This is fibrosis surrounding regenerative nodules

37
Q

These are the four steps in the usual progression of liver cirrhosis

A

Portal fibrosis
Bridging fibrosis
Cirrhosis
End stage liver

38
Q

Cirrhosis is fibrosis surrounding this

A

Regenerative nodules

39
Q

Acute liver failure is liver failure with these two conditions within 26 weeks of injury

A

Encephalopathy
Coagulopathy

40
Q

Does acute liver failure from acetaminophen toxicity or autoimmune hepatitis occur more rapidly?

A

Acetaminophen toxicity - hours to days

(Autoimmune hepatitis - days to weeks)

41
Q

Jaundice occurs when bilirubin is above this level

A

> 2.5 mg/dl

42
Q

Is scleral or skin icterus seen first in jaundice from liver failure?

A

Sclera icterus

43
Q

Does jaundice in liver failure usually begin in cephalic or caudal regions?

A

Cephalic (then progresses caudally)

44
Q

What are the levels of AST and ALT in acute liver failure?

A

Both high / very high

45
Q

What is the level of albumin in acute liver failure?

46
Q

Can acute liver failure lead to multiorgan failure?

47
Q

This complication of acute liver failure is poorly understood, and involves low urine output and azotemia

A

Hepatorenal syndrome

(no intrinsic kidney dysfunction)

48
Q

Chronic liver failure is most often seen with this

49
Q

What causes ascites in liver failure?

A

Portal hypertension

50
Q

Is cholestatic pruritus a feature of acute or chronic liver failure?

51
Q

Ascites, cholestatic pruritus, and hyperestrogenemia are features of this liver condition

A

Chronic liver failure

52
Q

This is congestion of portal system and retrograde congestion of systemic vessels

A

Portosystemic shunting

53
Q

This is intra-abdominal fluid due to portal hypertension or hypoalbuminemia

54
Q

Is ascites seen in acute or chronic liver failure?

55
Q

Can ascites be caused by hypo- or hyper-albuminemia

A

Hypoalbuminemia
(may be seen in acute liver failure)

56
Q

Ascites can also be commonly found with this condition

A

Umbilical hernia

57
Q

Hyperestrogenmia occurs due to inability to convert estrogen to this

58
Q

Palmar erythema, spider angiomas, male hypogonadism, and gynecomastia are symptoms of this

A

Hyperestrogenemia

59
Q

What are the levels of alk phos in biliary obstruction?

A

High
(3x normal)

60
Q

What are the levels of AST and ALT in biliary obstruction?

A

Low
(< 5x normal)

61
Q

Biliary obstruction can cause pruritus if severe, due to deposition of this

62
Q

Biliary obstruction if severe can cause this symptom, due to bile salt deposition

63
Q

Malabsorption is a possible symptom of biliary obstruction due to lack of this in intestinal lumen

64
Q

This is a possible symptom of biliary obstruction due to lack of bile in intestinal lumen

A

Malabsorption

65
Q

Can biliary obstruction lead to cirrhosis or chronic liver disease?

GI - Week 2 (12 decks)

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