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Liver/Gallbladder/Pancreas Flashcards

0
Q

Pancreatic Islet Cell Functions

A

do endocrine functions

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1
Q

Pancreas’ Functions

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

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2
Q

Pancreatic Islet Cell H/E Appearance

A
  • lighter stained
  • very cellular
  • foamy
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3
Q

Exocrine Pancreas Cells

A

Serous Acini Glands

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4
Q

Central Lumen

A

middle part of serous acini glands.

don’t always see

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5
Q

Acinar Cells secrete

A

Proenzymes

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6
Q

Simulation Pathway to Proenzyme Release

A

S.I. Enteroendocrine Cells -> CCK -> stimulate Acinar pancreatic cells -> proenzyme release

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7
Q

Examples of Proenzyme

A

Trypsinogen, lipase, amylase

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8
Q

Centroacinar Cells secrete..

A

bicarbonate

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9
Q

Centroacinar cell location

A

lining of intercalated ducts

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10
Q

Key ID features of Pancreas

A
  1. Islet Cells
  2. No striated ducts
  3. Centroacinar cells
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11
Q

Centroacinar cell H/E appearance

A
  • middle of serous acini glands

- dark nucleus may only be seen

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12
Q

Secretion pathway of bicarbonate

A

S.I. enteroendocrine cels –> Secretin –> activation of centroacinar cells in pancreas -> bicarbonate release -> adjustment of pH of chyme

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13
Q

5 Liver Functions

A
  1. Production/secretion of bile
  2. Synthesis of substances released into blood stream
  3. Detoxification/Inactivation
  4. Metabolite Storage
  5. Metabolic Functions
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14
Q

Stroma of liver includes

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Interstitial CT
  3. Reticular fiber network
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15
Q

Liver Capsule

A

CCT + serosa where exposed to abdominal cavity

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16
Q

Interstitial (Interlobular) CT

A

loose CCT

highly pronounced in pigs

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17
Q

Reticular fiber network

A
  • Suspends hepatocytes

- not visible

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18
Q

Liver Parenchyma includes

A

hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, central veins

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19
Q

hepatic sinusoids are

A

sinusoidal capillaries

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20
Q

Hepatocytes =

A

liver cells

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21
Q

Hepatocytes contain

A
  • glycogen and lipids in vacuoles

- microvilli

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22
Q

Sinusoid features

A
  • no basement membrane

- fenestrations

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23
Q

Sinusoid location

A
  • look like spokes on a wheel radiating from central vein

- everywhere

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24
Cells in hepatic sinusoids
Endothelial cells | Kupffer cells
25
Hepatocytes H/E appearance
foamy, with lots of vacuoles
26
Endothelial cells are..
discontinuous capillaries
27
Endothelial cells vs. Kupffer cells
can't tell the difference unless Kupffer cells have "eaten" things and turned brown
28
Kupffer cells are..
like macrophages
29
Space of Disse is a
perisinusoidal space
30
Location of Space of Disse
between hepatocytes and endothelial/Kupffer cells
31
Appearance of Space of Disse
VERY thin white line.
32
Space of Disse's contents
microvilli to interface between cells and blood
33
3 Ways to view the liver
1. Hepatic "classic" Lobules 2. Portal Lobules 3. Liver Acini
34
Hepatic Lobules indicate
direction of blood flow
35
Portal Lobules indicate
direction of bile flow
36
Liver Acini indicate
Oxygen level in areas of lobules in liver
37
Appearance of Hepatic Lobules
- "hexagons" with central vein at center and portal triads at corners - classic structural unit
38
Portal Triad contents
1. Hepatic a. branch 2. Portal v. branch 3. Bile duct branch
39
Blood Flow in liver
branches of hepatic a. & portal v. -> hepatic sinusoids -> central v. -> sublobular v. -> hepatic v. -> caudal vena cava
40
Portal Lobule appearance
"triangles" formed by connecting 3 adjacent central vv. around a portal triad.
41
Portal lobule association
with exocrine function of liver
42
Bile Canaliculi
- between adjacent hepatocytes - microvilli of hepatocytes extend into them - cannot be seen
43
Bile ductules
- connect bile canaliculi to interlobular bile ducts | - +/- seen on edge of ct
44
Interlobular bile ducts
within portal triad in CCT between lobules
45
Cystic duct
- bidirectional | - between hepatic ducts and gall bladder
46
Hepatic ducts
-empty each liver lob of bile
47
Bile duct
- convergence of cystic and hepatic ducts | - goes to S.I.
48
Liver (Hepatic) Acini
- "diamond" shaped with long axis between 2 central vv. - useful for understanding phys. and path. - associated with O2 levels of blood
49
Gallbladder not in
horses, rats, deer, pigeons, elephants,
50
Gallbladder function
- store and concentrate bile from liver | - contract to release bile
51
Bile production in animals without a gallbladder
still made, just secreted directly into duodenum
52
Gallbladder histology
has complex folds!
53
Gallbladder epithelium
simple columnar with microvilli
54
Gallbladder lamina propria
+/- mucous glands (depends on species)
55
Gallbladder muscularis mucosa
NONE
56
Gallbladder submucosa
blends with lamina propria
57
Gallbladder Tunica Muscularis
thin with no clear arrangement of muscle cells into layers
58
Gallbladder Perimuscular CT
relatively thick CCT layer outside of tunica muscularis
59
Gallbladder Serosa
typical and only on surface away from liver. | with some smooth m. present for contractions
60
Pathway to release bile
S.I. enteroendocrine cells --> CCK --> gallbladder contraction --> bile release

Histology (9 decks)

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