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Histology > Liver/Gallbladder/Pancreas > Flashcards

Liver/Gallbladder/Pancreas Flashcards

0
Q

Pancreatic Islet Cell Functions

A

do endocrine functions

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1
Q

Pancreas’ Functions

A

Exocrine

Endocrine

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2
Q

Pancreatic Islet Cell H/E Appearance

A
  • lighter stained
  • very cellular
  • foamy
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3
Q

Exocrine Pancreas Cells

A

Serous Acini Glands

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4
Q

Central Lumen

A

middle part of serous acini glands.

don’t always see

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5
Q

Acinar Cells secrete

A

Proenzymes

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6
Q

Simulation Pathway to Proenzyme Release

A

S.I. Enteroendocrine Cells -> CCK -> stimulate Acinar pancreatic cells -> proenzyme release

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7
Q

Examples of Proenzyme

A

Trypsinogen, lipase, amylase

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8
Q

Centroacinar Cells secrete..

A

bicarbonate

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9
Q

Centroacinar cell location

A

lining of intercalated ducts

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10
Q

Key ID features of Pancreas

A
  1. Islet Cells
  2. No striated ducts
  3. Centroacinar cells
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11
Q

Centroacinar cell H/E appearance

A
  • middle of serous acini glands

- dark nucleus may only be seen

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12
Q

Secretion pathway of bicarbonate

A

S.I. enteroendocrine cels –> Secretin –> activation of centroacinar cells in pancreas -> bicarbonate release -> adjustment of pH of chyme

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13
Q

5 Liver Functions

A
  1. Production/secretion of bile
  2. Synthesis of substances released into blood stream
  3. Detoxification/Inactivation
  4. Metabolite Storage
  5. Metabolic Functions
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14
Q

Stroma of liver includes

A
  1. Capsule
  2. Interstitial CT
  3. Reticular fiber network
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15
Q

Liver Capsule

A

CCT + serosa where exposed to abdominal cavity

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16
Q

Interstitial (Interlobular) CT

A

loose CCT

highly pronounced in pigs

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17
Q

Reticular fiber network

A
  • Suspends hepatocytes

- not visible

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18
Q

Liver Parenchyma includes

A

hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, central veins

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19
Q

hepatic sinusoids are

A

sinusoidal capillaries

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20
Q

Hepatocytes =

A

liver cells

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21
Q

Hepatocytes contain

A
  • glycogen and lipids in vacuoles

- microvilli

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22
Q

Sinusoid features

A
  • no basement membrane

- fenestrations

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23
Q

Sinusoid location

A
  • look like spokes on a wheel radiating from central vein

- everywhere

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24
Q

Cells in hepatic sinusoids

A

Endothelial cells

Kupffer cells

25
Q

Hepatocytes H/E appearance

A

foamy, with lots of vacuoles

26
Q

Endothelial cells are..

A

discontinuous capillaries

27
Q

Endothelial cells vs. Kupffer cells

A

can’t tell the difference unless Kupffer cells have “eaten” things and turned brown

28
Q

Kupffer cells are..

A

like macrophages

29
Q

Space of Disse is a

A

perisinusoidal space

30
Q

Location of Space of Disse

A

between hepatocytes and endothelial/Kupffer cells

31
Q

Appearance of Space of Disse

A

VERY thin white line.

32
Q

Space of Disse’s contents

A

microvilli to interface between cells and blood

33
Q

3 Ways to view the liver

A
  1. Hepatic “classic” Lobules
  2. Portal Lobules
  3. Liver Acini
34
Q

Hepatic Lobules indicate

A

direction of blood flow

35
Q

Portal Lobules indicate

A

direction of bile flow

36
Q

Liver Acini indicate

A

Oxygen level in areas of lobules in liver

37
Q

Appearance of Hepatic Lobules

A
  • “hexagons” with central vein at center and portal triads at corners
  • classic structural unit
38
Q

Portal Triad contents

A
  1. Hepatic a. branch
  2. Portal v. branch
  3. Bile duct branch
39
Q

Blood Flow in liver

A

branches of hepatic a. & portal v. -> hepatic sinusoids -> central v. -> sublobular v. -> hepatic v. -> caudal vena cava

40
Q

Portal Lobule appearance

A

“triangles” formed by connecting 3 adjacent central vv. around a portal triad.

41
Q

Portal lobule association

A

with exocrine function of liver

42
Q

Bile Canaliculi

A
  • between adjacent hepatocytes
  • microvilli of hepatocytes extend into them
  • cannot be seen
43
Q

Bile ductules

A
  • connect bile canaliculi to interlobular bile ducts

- +/- seen on edge of ct

44
Q

Interlobular bile ducts

A

within portal triad in CCT between lobules

45
Q

Cystic duct

A
  • bidirectional

- between hepatic ducts and gall bladder

46
Q

Hepatic ducts

A

-empty each liver lob of bile

47
Q

Bile duct

A
  • convergence of cystic and hepatic ducts

- goes to S.I.

48
Q

Liver (Hepatic) Acini

A
  • “diamond” shaped with long axis between 2 central vv.
  • useful for understanding phys. and path.
  • associated with O2 levels of blood
49
Q

Gallbladder not in

A

horses, rats, deer, pigeons, elephants,

50
Q

Gallbladder function

A
  • store and concentrate bile from liver

- contract to release bile

51
Q

Bile production in animals without a gallbladder

A

still made, just secreted directly into duodenum

52
Q

Gallbladder histology

A

has complex folds!

53
Q

Gallbladder epithelium

A

simple columnar with microvilli

54
Q

Gallbladder lamina propria

A

+/- mucous glands (depends on species)

55
Q

Gallbladder muscularis mucosa

A

NONE

56
Q

Gallbladder submucosa

A

blends with lamina propria

57
Q

Gallbladder Tunica Muscularis

A

thin with no clear arrangement of muscle cells into layers

58
Q

Gallbladder Perimuscular CT

A

relatively thick CCT layer outside of tunica muscularis

59
Q

Gallbladder Serosa

A

typical and only on surface away from liver.

with some smooth m. present for contractions

60
Q

Pathway to release bile

A

S.I. enteroendocrine cells –> CCK –> gallbladder contraction –> bile release

Histology (9 decks)

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