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Histology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

0
Q

hypodermis/subcutis

A

loose CCT & white fat binding dermis to underlying tissue (superficial fascia)

NOT part of skin

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1
Q

Basic Skin Structure

out to in

A
  • epidermis
  • dermis
  • hypodermis/subcutis
  • accessory structures (adnexa)
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2
Q

Adnexa

A

hair, hair follicles, glands, arrector pili mm.

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3
Q

Skin made of

A

epidermis and dermis

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4
Q

layers of epidermis

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum

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5
Q

What layers of epidermis have mitotic activity?

A

stratum basal and stratum spinosum

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6
Q

Where is keratin located?

A

stratum corneum

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7
Q

Another name for stratum basale

A

stratum germinativum

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8
Q

Stratum Basale Characteristics

A
  • single layer of cells!

- established dermal-epidermal boundary

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9
Q

Stratum Spinosum Characteristics

A
  • THICKEST layer of epidermis
  • cells are alive & divide to limited extend in deeper regions
  • spiny appearance between cells
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10
Q

keratinocytes

A

cells that begin to accumulate keratin

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11
Q

What causes the spiny appearance of cells in Stratum Spinosum?

A

desmosomes attaching “intercellular bridges”

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12
Q

Stratum Granulosum Characteristics

A
  • 3rd layer of epidermis

- outermost cells are dying in this layer

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13
Q

Stratum Granulosum cells contain

A

aggregated keratohyaline granules

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14
Q

Keratohyaline granules

A

granular material seen in cells before fully formed keratin is present

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15
Q

Stratum Lucidum Characteristics

A
  • “optional” epidermal layer
    • present in thick skin not thin
    • present in places of heavy wear (aka foot pads)
  • not in skin with hair follicles
  • clear band above stratum granulosum
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16
Q

Stratum Lucidum cells contain

A

eleidin

and are dying

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17
Q

Eleidin

A 
fibrous protein (intermediate form of keratin) 
in cells of stratum lucidum
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18
Q

Stratum Corneum Characteristics

A
  • mature keratin

- dead cell layer at surface

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19
Q

Stratum Corneum cells

A
  • flat, without nuclei

- outermost part continuously sloughs off

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20
Q

Melanocytes

A

make melanin

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21
Q

Melanocyte location

A

stratum basale

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22
Q

melanin

A

responsible for skin color

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23
Q

melanin location

A

cells of stratum basale and lower spinosum

-gets injected into these cells

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24
Q

What forms melanin?

A

Tyrosine

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25
Q

Melanin’s Job

A

protect from UV radiation

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26
Q

Melanocytes H&E

A

dark granules, unstained cytoplasm,

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27
Q

Melanocyte Characteristics

A

-has cytoplasmic extensions that go b/n cells of stratum basale & stratum spinosum

28
Q

Langerhans Cell location

A

stratum spinosum with processes extending between keratinocytes

29
Q

Merkel’s cell Location

A

Stratum Basale, parallel to epidermal surface

30
Q

Merkel’s cell assumed function

A

sensory input as mechanoreceptors for ‘light’ touch or may have broader role

31
Q

Function of Rete pegs (epidermal ridges/epidermal pegs)

A

provide stability

32
Q

Dermis layers

A

Papillary layer, Reticular layer, Blood Vessels, Nerves, Receptors

33
Q

Papillary layer of dermis

A
  • interdigitates with rete peges

- provides structural support & increased surface area

34
Q

Dermal Receptors

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

Meissner’s Corpuscles

35
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle recieves

A

pressure signals.

36
Q

Pacinian Corpuscle location

A

deeper in dermis

37
Q

Meissner’s Corpuscle receives

A

touch feelings

38
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle location

A

dermal papillae

39
Q

Adnexa

A

hair & hair follicles, arrector pilli mm., sebaceous glands, sweat glands

40
Q

Hair follicle

A

invaginations of epidermal epithelium

41
Q

hair bulb

A

terminal dilation of hair follicle

42
Q

Base of Hair bulb contains

A

dermal papillae which are covered by epithelial cells, have a capillary & nerve network, responsible for sustaining hair follicle

43
Q

Hair

A

thin strands of hard, compact keratin

44
Q

Layers of Hair

A

Medulla - less dense center
Cortex - more dense middle
Cuticle - thin outer layer

45
Q

Root of hair

A

epidermal cells covering dermal papilla

46
Q

Compound hair follicle

A
  • more than one hair emerges from a follicle

- contains 1 large main guard hair & many smaller “wool” hairs

47
Q

Function of Guard Hair in compound hair follicles

A

waterproof top layer

48
Q

Function of wool hairs in compound hair follicles

A

insulation barrier against the skin

49
Q

Arrector Pili Muscle

A
  • smooth muscle
  • attaches at base of hair follicle
  • function = contraction in response to stimulus (hair standing on end)
50
Q

Sebacous glands

A
  • masses of rounded cells with prominent round nuclei

- only in haired areas

51
Q

Sebacous gland mode and type of secretion

A

holocrine & sebum

52
Q

Holocrine secretion

A

entire cell ruptures to release contents

53
Q

Sebacous gland functions

A
  • antibacterial

- waterproofing agent

54
Q

Sweat glands

A

simple coiled tubular glands lines with simple cuboidal epithelium

55
Q

How do sweat glands move secretions?

A

with myoepithelial cells

56
Q

Apocrine sweat glands

A
  • duct opens into hair follicle
  • most common in domestic animals
  • slighly viscous secretion
57
Q

Apocrine Sweat Gland function

A

scent and thermoregulation

58
Q

Merocrine sweat glands

A
  • located in special areas (foot pads)

- duct opens directly onto skin

59
Q

Anal Sacs

A
  • diverticula within skin of anal region
  • keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
  • contain glands
60
Q

Dog Anal Sacs

A
  • apocrine sweat glands only

- frequently impact

61
Q

Cat Anal Sacs

A
  • apocrine sweat glands & sebacous glands

- unlikely to impact

62
Q

Circumanal (Perianal) Glands

A
  • modified sebacous glands
  • in dogs
  • HIGHLY acidophilic cytoplasm; large, round nuclei
  • tend to become neoplastic
63
Q

Supracaudal (Preen) Glands

A
  • collection of large, sebacous glands
  • overproduction => “stud tail”
  • in carnivores
64
Q

Sinus (Tactile) Hair Location

A

mostly on face

65
Q

Sinus/Tactile Hair

A
  • large hair follicles with blood-filled sinuses
  • Trabeculae (CCT) traverse the sinus (lower part in carnivores. everywhere in horses/ruminants)
  • nerve ending network within trabeculae
66
Q

Sinus/Tactile Hair Function

A

touch & orientation in environment

67
Q

Functional significance for interdigitation of epidermis and dermis

A
  • increased nutrient diffusion to epithelial cells (from dermis to epidermis)
  • increased surface area to facilitate attachment of epidermis to dermis

Histology (9 decks)

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