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NUTR 468 Clinical > Liver Function > Flashcards

Liver Function Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the liver

A

Often called the train station
* Consists of a right and left lobe
* Lobules – functional unit and consist of hepatocytes (liver cells)
* Blood moves through the liver via sinusoids
* Small ducts converge to form R and L hepatic duct
* Hepatic ducts exit liver via common hepatic duct

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2
Q

Roles of the liver

A
  1. metabolism
  2. digestion
  3. hormonal
  4. detoxification
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3
Q

Functions of the liver

Dont know if this needs to be known??

A
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4
Q

Metabolic role of the liver

A
  • CHO
  • protein
  • lipid
  • vitamin storage
  • mineral storage
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5
Q

Role of the liver with CHO metabolism

A
  • gluconeogenesis
  • glycogen synthesis and breakdown
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6
Q

Role of the liver with protein metabolism

A
  • synthesis of serum proteins
  • synthesis of blood clotting factors
  • deamination/transamination to produce non-essential aa
  • remove and detoxify ammonia through urea synthesis
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7
Q

Role of the liver with lipid metabolism

A
  • synthesis of cholesterol, phospholipids, TG’s
  • breakdown of fatty acids for energy production
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8
Q

What vitamins are stored in the liver?

A
  • B vitamins
  • Fat soluble vitamins
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9
Q

What minerals are stored in the liver?

A
  • Fe
  • Cu
  • Mg
  • Zn
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10
Q

Role of the liver in digestion

A
  • Production of bile: fat and fat soluble vitamin absorption
  • conjugation and excretion of bilirubin (breakdown product of RBCs) to prevent jaundice due to build up
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11
Q

What is given to infants with bile atresion?

A

MCFAs because they dont need as much bile to absorb it

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12
Q

Hormonal and deotoxification role of liver

A
  • Conjugation and excretion of: aldosterone & alcohol dehydrogenase hormone
  • Enzymes in the liver detoxify: alcohol, drugs, poisons
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13
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Liver Disease

A
  • Mild abdominal pain and generalized fatigue are the most common sign (improper storage of glycogen).
  • Anorexia
  • Muscle wasting (sarcopenia)
  • Wt loss
  • Jaundice: potential for malabsorption in these conditions (typically end stage)
  • Hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
  • Anemia (moderate to severe)
  • portal hypertension
  • Esophageal varices
  • Ascites
  • Hypoalbuminemia
  • Encephalopathy
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14
Q

AST and ALT in liver disease

A

Elevation of AST and ALT is not reflective of liver damage
* ALT can be elevated due to muscle physiology

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15
Q

What are esophageal varices

A

a swollen artery, vein or lymph vessel in the esophagus that can burst open and bleed creating a holeinto other tissue

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16
Q

What is encephalopathy?

A

Inability to synthesis blood urea nitrogen and can die if ammonia gets high enough

17
Q

Liver function tests

A
  • ALT (Alanine aminotransferase/transaminase) (very sensitive to hepatic damage)
  • AST (aspartate transaminase/aminotransferase) or SGOT (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase)
  • ALP (serum alkaline posphatase)
  • Ammonia
  • Albumin-may not be a good marker of visceral protein status in liver disease
  • Bilirubin
  • BUN
  • Prothrombin time (PTT)
18
Q

ALT tests normal vs. liver disease

A
  • Normal Male: 10-40 U/L
  • normal Female: 7- 35U/L
  • liver disease: ↑↑
19
Q

AST test normal vs. liver disease

A
  • normal: 10-30 U/L
  • liver disease: ↑
20
Q

ALP test normal vs. liver disease

A
  • normal: 10-30 UL
  • liver disease: ↑
21
Q

Ammonia test normal vs. liver disease

A
  • normal: 15-45 ug N/dL
  • liver disease: ↓
22
Q

albumin test normal vs. liver disease

A
  • normal: 35-48 g/L
  • liver disease: ↓
23
Q

Bilirubin test normal vs. liver disease

A
  • normal: 0.3-1.2 mg/dL
  • liver disease: ↑
24
Q

BUN test normal vs. liver disease

A
  • normal: 6-20 mg/dL
  • liver disease: ↓ or normal
25
Q

PTT test normal vs. liver disease

A
  • noraml 10-13 sec
  • liver disease: prolonged

NUTR 468 Clinical (34 decks)

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