Liver and pancreas

Question 1

71. Liver (HE)

Answer 1

• Glisson’s capsule: CT
• connective tissue septa
• portal triad + hepatobiliary capsule of Glisson

Question 2

Portal triad

Answer 2

• Portal vein (wide lumen, thin walls)
• Hepatic artery
• Bile collecting duct (columnar epithelium)
• lymph vessels
• Hepatobiliary capsule of Glisson: perivascular loose fibrous capsule
• limiting plate: ring of hepatocytes lining

Question 3

Hepatic lobule

Answer 3

• hexagonal clusters of hepatocytes surrounded by CT
• central vein in the middle
• hepatic cords + heptic sinusoids
• Kupffer cells : large and irregular

Question 4

Blood pathway in liver

Answer 4

hepatic sinusoid ⇒ central vein ⇒ sublobar vein ⇒ hepatic vein ⇒ IVC

Question 5

Space of Disse

Answer 5

• space between the fenestrated endothelial lining of the sinusoid
• contain type 3 collagen (reticular fibers) + ITO cells
• ITO-cells: stem cells⇒ provide reticular fibers and store fat and vitamin A

Question 6

Bile flow

Answer 6

hepatocyte ⇒ canaliculi ⇒ canals of Hering ⇒ interlobular bile duct

Question 7

Hepatocytes

Answer 7

• polyhedral cells
• nuclei are round and euchromatic
• size of nuclei highly variable⇒ often large due to polyploidi
• abundance of mitochondria and sER
• rER in basophilic bodies
• stored glycogen and lipid content
• may contain glycotoxin granules

Question 8

72. Liver (Mallory stain)

Answer 8

• collagen of hepatobiliary capsule of Glisson ⇒ blue
• ligamentum teres
• left umbilical vein

Question 9

3. Gall bladder (HE)

Answer 9

• EPITHELIUM: simple columnar + goblet cells
• LAMINA PROPRIA:
  
  • highly vascular
  • loose CT
  • mucin secreting glands
• MUSCULARIS EXTERNA: circular ⇒ longitudinal ⇒ oblique
• ADVENTITIA: thick collagenous layer + blood vessels and lymph vessels
• SEROSA: mesothelium
• cervix has more spiral valve of Heister and have larger mucous glands than the fundus

Question 10

70. Pancreas (HE)

Answer 10

• compund branched acinar type
• islets of Langerhans- endocrine
• capsule: loose CT
• pyramid shaped serous cells ⇒ protein rich secretory material
• zymogen granules
• centroacinar cell ⇒ intralobular ⇒ interlobular ducts
• major pancreatic duct
• secrete: amylase, trypsin, lipase, chymotrypsin