Liver

Question 1

Liver pathophysiology

P D S M (ppl drink so much)

Answer 1

Recycling P D S M
P - produce
- A - albumin (makes)
attracts
fluid into vascular system
Drugs,
Binds to calcium
- Bile (bus) - bilirubin (old RBC) to the spleen, convert RBC into bilirubin, back vascular system to liver, then converted into bile,
Bile & cholesterol
LABS
Album low, ^ Bilirubin (jaundice) ^ LDL, decrease HDL

• Coagulate - clotting factors
  PT -
  PTT -
  INR - bleed more

D - detox - in kumpfer cells, etoh, drugs into the
D, J, A,
S - storage - glycogen (stored energy)
M - metabolism - converting (byproduct of protein) ammonia into urea, into renal artery & excreted by kidneys

Question 2

Cirrhosis pathophysiology (scarosis),

Answer 2

1. Cirrhosis of the liver causes destruction of liver cells
2. Regeneration of cells leads to fibrous connective tissue & irregular shaped/size lobules to develop
3. Leads to obstruction blood flow & causes compression of the portal & hepatic veins.
4. The disruption of blood flow causes increased pressure in the portal system 5. To decrease the pressure, collateral circulation new channels are developed predominately oesophagus, anterior abdo wall, parietal peritoneum & rectum.
5. This allows the blood to travel in different paths to reduce the pressure.
6. Varicosities develop where systemic & collateral circulation communicate ( might rupture).

Question 3

Liver problems

Answer 3

Liver PDSM 
Not attracting H20 causing
Third spacing (ascites)
Bile down jaundice 
Hyper-cholesterol 
Lack energy (glycogen)
Ammonia circulating through out body
Unable to detox
Unable to 
Leading cause for encephalitis toxic blood

Question 4

Pathophysiology of portal hypertension

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Explain what Cirrhosis of the Liver is

Answer 5

Chronic disease that causes cell destruction & fibrosis (scaring). Scaring alters liver structure & vasculature, impairing blood & lymph flow, resulting in hepatic insufficiency & portal hypertension.
COMPLICATIONS
Hyponatremia, water retention, bleeding oesophageal varices,. Coagulopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritoneal, & hepatic encephalopathy