Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI > liver > Flashcards

liver Flashcards

1
Q

intial (synthetic dysfunction): decreased albumin, Inc PT/INR, inc bilirubin

portal HTN: thrombocytopenia, varices, ascities

*DEFINITIVE: biopsy to show bridging fibrosis and nodular regeneration

anemia. mild elevations of AST and alkaline phosphatase

A

dx in cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

.fatigue, malaise, anorexia, nausea, tea colored urine and vague abdominal discomfort

A

common complaints with hep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cavernous hemangioma, hepatocelluar adenoma,

infantile hemangioe-endothelioma

A

benign liver neoplasms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

autoimmune disease that presents with jaundice and pruritis in middle aged women

tx

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

Tx: urosodeoxycholic acid to slow progression of disease, cholestyramine for pruritis,

liver transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

.menstrual changes(amenorrhea), impotence, loss of libido, gynecomastia, N/V, anorexia, fatigue, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, abd pain, hepatomegaly

A

sx of early cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fever, chills, worsening ascites, abd pain

may lead to diarrhea and renal failure

> 250 PMNs/mL in ascitic fluid

A

presentation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

think cirrhosis

tx: antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HCV

% become chronic

sexually transmitted

acute liver failure

A

80%

less likely to be sexually transmitted

rarely leads to acute liver failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

common etiology of cirrhosis

A

chronic hep C. alcohol. nonfatty liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

presentation of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

4 initial symptoms and what 2 sx may follow

think what other diagnosis

labs

tx

A

fever, chills, worsening ascites, abd pain

may lead to diarrhea and renal failure

think cirrhosis

> 250 PMNs/mL in ascitic fluid

tx: antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

all HIV positive pts with chronic hep B should be treated with what medications

A

with therapies that cover both infections

Tenofovir with either emtricitabine or lamivudine will cover the hep B and additional antiretroviral meds will cover the HIV infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

HBeAg

A

hep B envelope antigen indicates active infection that is highly contagious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

hep B and C presentation

who should be screened for hep C

A

asymptomatic to fulminant

people born between 1945-1965

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

alpha fetoprotein elevated in what

A

cirrhosis, hep C, hepatic carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which hepatitis may exist in a carrier state or a chronic infection

A

hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe hepatitis D

seen when and with what

acute phase hep B along with hep D

risk of cirrhosis/cancer

tx

A

seen only with hep B. assoc with a more severe course

acute phase of hep B is not made worse by hep D infection

risk of cirrhosis/cancer is increased with a hep D infection in the chronic state

tx: peginterferon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what shows hep A has resolved

A

HAV IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

late stage cirrhosis symptoms

A

ascites, pleural effusion, peripheral edema, ecchymosis, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalography

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sx: jaundice, pruritis, fat solulable vitamin def(A, D, E, K)
dx: inc alk phos/bilirubin/cholesterol

+ antimitochondrial antibody

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does HBsAg indicate

A

ongoing infection of any duration

found throughout the clinical illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tenofovir with either emtricitabine or lamivudine

A

give to all HIV positive pts with chronic hep B infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

.wilson disease

hemochromatosis

A

copper accumulation in body/ liver is the initial site of copper accumlation.

an cause chronic hepatitis

hemochromatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hep A

duration of sx

4 sx

2 PE

4 labs

how long is recovery

vacc available?

A

2-3 wks

prodrome of anorexia, N/V, malaise

fever

hepatomegaly, jaundice

nml or low WBC, elev bilirubin/AST/ALT

recovery 9 weeks

vaccination available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

explain thrombocytopenia in cirrhosis

A

secondary to hypersplenism, sequestration of platelets in the liver, and decreased thrombopoietin production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what indicates a lower viral titer; hepatitis

A

anti-HBe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
viral DNA load in chronic liver infection what tends to occur with a reduction in viral DNA
it will be greater then 10:5 copies HBeAg seroconversion
26
how often does pts with chronic hep progress to serious liver disease
20-30%. occurs most often with alcohol is involved or it pt is co-infected with hep B or HIV
27
most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide
HAV
28
Immunoglobulin M antibody can be detected with what
onset of hep A(15-40 day incubation period) disappears after several months
29
what indicates "immunity by past infection or vaccination"
anti-HBs
30
what indicates active infection that is highly contagious; hepatitis
HBeAg
31
anti-HBe
indicates a lower viral titer
32
what are liver abscesses generally caused by occurs when sx tx
entamoeba histolytica or the coliform bacteria can occur after travel or secondary to an intra-abdominal infection and presents with fever and abd pain tx: antibiotics and percutaneous drainage or surgical excision
33
.primary hepatocellular carcinoma assoc with what 3 diseases
hep B, hep C, aflatoxin B1 exposure(various foods)
34
increased alk phos and bilirubin
cholestasis
35
common drugs that cause acute hepatitis
alcohol acetaminophen INH methyldopa
36
which hepatitis is self limiting
hep A and E
37
.what may be elevated in hepatic carcinoma imaging avoid what
alpha fetoprotein contrast enhanced CT or MRI. Liver bx no needle bx until the tumor is resectable for fear of seeding
38
cirrhosis tx
no alcohol salt restriction, bed rest spirolactone 100mg daily maybe liver transplant
39
.acute and chronic hepatitis ALT and AST bili alk phos
acute: all markedly elevated chronic: ALT and AST mildly elevated or nml/low \>3-6 mnth
40
.dx in cirrhosis labs first off portal HTN (3) definitive dx CBC, Liver enzymes
intial (synthetic dysfunction): decreased albumin, Inc PT/INR, inc bilirubin portal HTN: thrombocytopenia, varices, ascities \*DEFINITIVE: biopsy to show bridging fibrosis and nodular regeneration anemia. mild elevations of AST and alkaline phosphatase
41
whats the 1st and 2nd common cause of acute hepatitis
viral is 1st then toxins(alcohol)
42
.hep virus with extremely high transmission rate
HBV
43
presents with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia but have nml CBC, blood smear, and LFTs hereditary? tx
gilbert syndrome autosomal recessive of bilirubin benign, no tx
44
.high mortality rate in pregnant women may become chronic in immunocompromised pts
HEV
45
.which hepatitis is seen with HIV
hep C are more frequent then hep B 30% of HIV pts found to have hep C as well and together the progression of cirrhosis is increased
46
.pts with hep C should be vaccinated against what
hep A and hep B
47
bilirubin levels in hep
over 3 indicates scleral iterus if not frank jaundice
48
.alpha fetoprotein elevated no needle bx until the tumor is resectable for fear of seeding
hepatic carcinoma
49
hep B incubation period duration of sx increases risk for what 6 sx 2 PE how long is recovery vacc available?
incubation: 6 wks to 6 months / 2-3 weeks for sx increases risk for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma prodrome of anorexia, N/V, malaise **arthralgia**, diarrhea, **fever** hepatomegaly, jaundice self limiting- sx resolve in 2-3 weeks/ full recovery is 16 weeks vacc avail for infants. antiviral therapy an option
50
anti-HBs
immunity by past infection or vaccination or has recovered from an HBV infection
51
tx for acute bleeding/coagulopathy in cirrhosis
FFP not vitamin K
52
HBcAb
antibody to HBcAg; IgM positive during the window period. IgG HBcAb is an indicator of prior or current infection
53
.gold standard for hepatitis
liver biopsy
54
.sequelae of chronic hepatitis
cirrhosis portal HTN liver failure hepatocellular carcinoma
55
.common complaints with hep
fatigue, malaise, anorexia, nausea, tea colored urine and vague abdominal discomfort
56
hep A and E from what
fecal-oral contamination
57
anti-HBc
hep B core antibody present between the disappearance of HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs, indicating acute hepatitis
58
.what suggest alcohol hepatitis
AST/ALT ratio \> 2 youre toASTed
59
jaundice occurs with what bilirubin level
over 2.5
60
increased AST and ALT
hepatocellular injury
61
.sx for cirrhosis
ascites, gynecomastia, weakness, fatigue, and wt loss common. N/V and anorexia usually present
62
what antibody is present between the disappearance of HBsAg and the appearance of anti-HBs, indicating acute hepatitis
anti-HBc
63
.cirrhosis related to what
45% due to alcohol remainder due to hep B and hep C with congenital disorders
64
.chronic hepatitis results from what 2 things
viral(hep B,C,D) or inheritied disorders(wilsons disease, alpha one antitrypsin deficiency)
65
.presentation of hepatocelluar carcinoma
many asymptomatic. RUQ tenderness, abdominal distention, chronic liver d/s(jaundice, easy bruising, coagulopathy) liver enlargement
66
what is the goal of therapy for hepatitis C
reduction of viral RNA to undetectable at 6 months post therapy
67
.very elevated AFP abn LFTs
hepatocellular carcinoma dx do u/s or CT to find mass Bx if needed
68
what indicates hepatocellular damage in hepatitis
aminotransferase elevations
69
what indicates an ongoing infection of any duration; hepatitis
HBsAg
70
what does HAV IgG mean
hep A has resolved
71
asterixis(flapping of hand), tremor, dysarthria, delirium, coma,...
hepatic encephalopathy
72
hepatocellular carcinoma dx
do u/s or CT to find mass very elevated AFP abn LFTs Bx if needed
73
fulminent liver disease
INR \> 1.5 hepatic encephalopathy can be from HAV or HBV
74
hep C describe virus appearance 3 sx 1 PE 7 labs how long is recovery meds for tx
single stranded RNA virus prodrome anorexia, N/V, malaise jaundice elev bil/alk phos/ALT/AST HCV antibody, PCR for HCV RNA self limiting and recovery is 3-6 months interferon alpha, pegylated interferon, ribavirin
75
toxic hepatitis tx prognosis
acetylchysteine good prognosis is pt survives the acute episode
76
.which hepatitis is generally detected by its antibody
hep C or D hep C generally indicates ongoing infection as it does for hep D if hep B infection is ongoing
77
carbon tetrachloride, halothane, phenytoin, INH, ETOH, tylenol
causes toxic hepatitis
78
.what is aflatoxin B1 exposure
produced by aspergillus found in contaminated vegetation and food think primary hepatocellular carcinoma
79
.more sensitive: ALT or AST
ALT
80
.labs of cholestasis
increased ALK-phos with increased GGT Increased bilirubin > ALT/AST
81
.indicator of early severe liver injury/prognosis
PT better than albumin
82
.albumin
useful marked of overall liver protein synthesis
83
.alcohol hepatitis labs
AST double ALT. alcohol causes mitochondrial injury. AST found in mitochondria. increases with injury.
84
.labs with viral/toxic/inflammatory liver processes
ALT > AST
85
.autoimmune hepatitis labs
increased ALT>1000, + ANA, +smooth muscle antibodies, increased IgG. responds to corticosteroids, azathioprine
86
.budd chiari syndrome def s/s dx testing
hepatic vein obstruction leading to decreased liver drainage ascites, hepatomegaly, RUQ pain do u/s initially. venography gold standard
87
.asterixis
flapping tremor with wrist extension hepatic encephalopathy with cirrhosis
88
.sx of hepatic encephalopathy tx
confusion, lethargy(increased ammonia levels to brain), asterixis lactulose or rifaximin
89
.what is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis organism
infection of ascites WITHOUT perf of bowel complication of cirrhosis common is e coli
90
.Non alcoholic fatty liver and non alcoholic steatohepatitis difference
NASH associated with fibrosis and potential to progress to cirrhosis. it is also premalignant.
91
.liver bx: microvesicular fatty deposits
nonalcohol fatty liver disease
92
.kayser fleischer rings
brown or green pigmented rings in cornea wilsons ds

GI (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions