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GI Exam 2 > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What are 4 functions of the liver?

A
  1. Metabolism
  2. Detoxification
  3. Protein synthesis
  4. Synthesis of clotting factors
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2
Q

Storing glucose as glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

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3
Q

Breaking down of glycogen into glucose

A

Glycogenolysis

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4
Q

Forming glucose from non-carbohydrates sources

A

Gluconeogenesis

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5
Q

What fat synthesis does the liver contribute to?

A
  1. Lipoprotein
  2. Cholesterol
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6
Q

What does the liver convert ammonia to?

A

Urea

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7
Q

The breakdown of toxic substances

A

Detoxification

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8
Q

In detoxification, _______ substances are converted to ________ for excretion

A

Lipophilic; water soluble

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9
Q

What pressure is associated with albumin?

A

Oncotic

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10
Q

What proteins does the liver synthesize?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Alpha-globulins
  3. Clotting factors
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11
Q

What anticoagulants does the liver synthesize? 3

A
  1. Protein C
  2. Protein S
  3. Anti-thrombin
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12
Q

What are 2 markers for hepatocyte death?

A
  1. AST
  2. ALT
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13
Q

What is a marker for hepatic encephalopathy?

A

Ammonia

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14
Q

True or False: most patients with cirrhosis are asymptomatic until late in the disease process

A

True

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15
Q

Fibrotic changes to the liver

A

Cirrhosis

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16
Q

What 3 things does cirrhosis lead to?

A
  1. Collapse of liver structure
  2. Increased resistance to portal blood flow
  3. Decrease in synthetic function
17
Q

True or false: fibrosis of the liver is irreversible

A

False (remove underlying cause)

18
Q

What 3 things are involved in the transition from chronic liver disease to cirrhosis?

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Angiogenesis
  3. Portal Hypertension
19
Q

What 2 factors are needed to diagnose cirrhosis?

A
  1. Imaging of irregular or nodules liver
  2. Impaired synthetic liver function
20
Q

True or false: a biopsy is not recommended for identify cirrhosis

A

True

21
Q

What is the description for stage 1 cirrhosis?

A

Compensated with no esophageal varices

22
Q

What is the description for stage 2 cirrhosis?

A

Compensated with varices

23
Q

What is the description for stage 3 cirrhosis?

A

Decompensated with ascites

24
Q

What is the description for stage 4 cirrhosis?

A

Decompensated with GI bleeding

25
Q

What is the description for stage 5 cirrhosis?

A

Infections and renal failure

26
Q

What are 7 clinical presentations

A
  1. Fatigue
  2. Jaundice
  3. Dark urine
  4. Light stool
  5. Itching
  6. Abdominal pain
  7. Bloating
27
Q

What is the hallmark symptom of liver disease?

A

Jaundice

28
Q

What is elevated that contributes to dark urine?

A

Bilirubin

29
Q

When does dark urine generally present?

A

Prior to jaundice

30
Q

Jaundice without dark urine can be caused by what disease state?

A

Hemolytic anemia

31
Q

What causes light stools?

A

Inability to absorb fats due to hyperalbuminemia

32
Q

What 3 things show spontaneous rupture to micro vasculature?

A
  1. Spider angioma
  2. Red palms
  3. Ecchymoses
33
Q

What is the symptom of itching caused by?

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

34
Q

What are 5 symptoms shown in liver disease?

A
  1. Ascites
  2. Encephalopathy
  3. Sepsis
  4. Variceal bleeding
  5. Non-obstructive jaundice

GI Exam 2 (11 decks)

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