Hepatitis Flashcards
What types of hepatitis are most likely to be asymptomatic?
- HBV
- HBC
What types of hepatitis is symptomatic?
HAV
What viral specific test is used for HAV?
IgM anti-HAV
What viral specific test is used for HBV?
- IgM anti-HBC (+)
- HBsAG (+)
True or False: HAV is preventable
True
True or False: HAV is treatable
False
True or False: HAV is not curable
False
How is HAV transmitted?
- Person to person
- Ingestion of contaminated food/water
What patient population can be asymptomatic carriers to HAV?
Children
How long does HAV last?
2 months
What type of hepatitis is considered acute?
HAV
True or False: HAV has a high mortality rate
False
What patients are more susceptible to mortality with HAV?
- Older patients
- Ones with a waning immune system
What 6 clinical presentations are shown with HAV?
- Flu-like symptoms
- GI upset
- Dark urine
- Alcoholic stools
- Pruritis
- Jaundice and sclera icterus
True or False: There is no role for antiviral agents in HAV
True
What are the 2 key things for prevention in HAV?
- Vaccine
- Immunoglobulin
HAV vaccines are recommended for what age?
All children at 1 year of age
If previously unvaccinated for HAV, when should patients get the vaccine?
Prior to travel
What patients can utilize HAV immunoglobulin?
- Not previously vaccinated
- Immunocompromised patients
- Patients with chronic liver disease
When can short term pre-exposure prophylaxis with HAV immunoglobulin be used?
If traveling soon < 2 weeks
How long does pre and post exposure prophylaxis last with the 0.02 dose of immunoglobulin?
3 months
How long does pre and post exposure prophylaxis last with the 0.06 dose of immunoglobulin?
5 months
True or False: the immunoglobulin should only be used by itself and cannot be combined with the HAV vaccine
False
True or False: HBV is preventable
True
True or False: HBV is not curable
True
True or False: HBV is not treatable
False
How is HBV transmitted?
- Sexually
- Parenterally
- Perinatally
What can HBV cause?
Chronic hepatitis
What does HBV have a risk for? 2
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
What are 7 risk factors for HBV?
- Multiple high risk sexual partners
- Men who have sex with men
- Injection-drug use
- Household contact
- Healthcare workers at risk for blood exposure
- Hemodialysis patients
- Travel to HBV endemic countries
What is the incubation period for HBV?
4-10 weeks
True or False: HBV can be self limiting or a seroconverting disease
True
-HBsAG: negative
- anti-HBc: negative
-anti-HBs: negative
Susceptible
-HBsAG: negative
- anti-HBc: positive
-anti-HBs: positive
Immune due to natural infection
-HBsAG: negative
- anti-HBc: negative
-anti-HBs: positive
Immune due to HBV vaccination
-HBsAG: negative
- anti-HBc: negative
-anti-HBs: negative
-IgM anti-HBC: positive
Acutely infected
-HBsAG: positive
- anti-HBc: positive
-anti-HBs: negative
-IgM anti-HBC: negative
Chronically infected
What is a marker for treatment success in HBV but is not present in all patients?
HBeAg
What are the 2 main drugs used to treat HBV?
- Tenofovir
- Entecavir