lithosphere

Question 1

inner core characteristics

Answer 1

*solid
*7000°C
*iron + nickel
*extreme pressure causes rocks to remain solid

Question 2

outer core characteristics

Answer 2

*liquid
*dense liquid metallic rock
*4000°C

Question 3

mantle characteristics

Answer 3

*over half earths mass
*rocks in thick molten state allowing movement
*conventional current causes tectonic plate(crusts) movement

Question 4

the crust characteristics

Answer 4

*thin outer layer (5-80km deep) - contains valuable minerals
*soil made from broken rocks/decomposing organic matter
*sustains life for plants and animals living underground

Question 5

tectonic plates

Answer 5

crust divided into slabs(plates are forced apart as molten rock is pulsed upwards from core & mantle)

Question 6

weathering

Answer 6

the natural deterioration of rocks

Question 7

extreme temps causing weathering

Answer 7

1. when heated, molecules expand
2. when cooled, molecules contract
3. forces inside rock causes pieces to break away

Question 8

freezing water causing weathering

Answer 8

1. cracks in rock fill with rainfall
2. water expands when freezing
3. constant freezing and thawing makes cracks wider
4. large pieces break away

Question 9

scree

Answer 9

ice-broken rock pieces

Question 10

erosion

Answer 10

action of moving water/ice/wind
*surfaces of rock are worn away because of friction

Question 11

the 3 rock types

Answer 11

*igneous
*sedimentary
*metamorphic

Question 12

igneous rock characteristics

Answer 12

*igneous means fire
*it is cooled liquid magma that reached the crust
*contains crystals(silica,iron,magnesuim)

Question 13

igneous rock e.g.

Answer 13

*granite(has large visible crystals,cooled slowly)
*basalt(smooth surface,cooled quick)

Question 14

sedimentary rock characteristics

Answer 14

*pieces of rock that have weathered off other rocks
*carried by wind & water
*settle in layers,compact overtime

Question 15

sedimentary rock e.g.

Answer 15

*sandstone(layers of sand)
*limestone(layers of sand + sea creatures shell)
*shale(soft and brittle)

Question 16

metamorphic rock characteristics

Answer 16

*rocks altered by heat and pressure in crust
*igneous + sedimentary can become metamorphic when heated/pressured
*minerals melt then re-crystalize into thin layers(very hard)

Question 17

metamorphic rock e.g.

Answer 17

*slate(pressure on mud stone)
*marble(pressure on limestone)