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Lesson Guides > Literature LG1 > Flashcards

Literature LG1 Flashcards

1
Q

These are short, memorable sayings that encapsulate wisdom and values.

A

Proverbs (Salawikain)

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2
Q

Before the Spanish colonizers arrived, indigenous literature thrived in this period.

A

Pre-Colonial

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3
Q

These are stories passed down through generations, often explaining natural phenomena or historical events.

A

Alamat (Legend)

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4
Q

Long narrative poems that celebrate heroic deeds and cultural values.

A

Epic (Epiko)

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5
Q

Stories about gods, goddesses, and supernatural beings that explain the world’s origins and cultural beliefs.

A

Myth (Mito)

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6
Q

These are puzzles or word games that test wit and knowledge.

A

Riddles (Bugtong)

TIGMO in Cebuano

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7
Q

These are traditional songs that narrate history, mythology, or important events.

A

Chant

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8
Q

A traditional Bicolano (Region V) epic poem that highlights the fertile plains, vital waterways, and challenging mountains and forests, reflecting the interaction between the people and their environment.

A

Ibalon

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9
Q

An epic narrative from Panay Island (Region VI), tells the tale of three demigod brothers – Labaw Donggon, Humadapnon, and Dumalapdap – who embark on various adventures and heroic quests.

A

Hinilawod

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10
Q

These are short stories that teach a moral lesson, often featuring animals as characters.

A

Fable (Pabula)

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11
Q

Is a famous story in Lanao Del Norte (Region X) that illustrates the importance of cooperation and understanding among different creatures.

A

Sparrow and Shrimp

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12
Q

Is a set of ancient Maranao epic songs that narrate the heroic adventures and significant events in the lives of the Maranao people.

A

Darangen

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13
Q

This period was marked by the introduction of new languages and literary forms, as well as the blending of indigenous and foreign influences, which play a vital role in shaping the Filipino identity.

A

Spanish Colonial

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14
Q

A religious text written in the 16th century, this work was one of the earliest books printed in the Philippines. It contains catechism and prayers translated into Tagalog and Spanish.

A

Doctrina Christiana (1593)

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15
Q

A Tagalog epic poem, in the form of a corrido, combining Spanish influences with indigenous folklore, showcasing a blend of Spanish literary devices with local storytelling traditions.

A

Ibong Adarna

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16
Q

Written in Tagalog and in the form of an awit, this epic poem uses allegory (a story with a hidden meaning) to criticize Spanish rule and express Filipino sentiments. It is a classic of Philippine literature that narrates a tale of love, honor, and patriotism.

A

Florante at Laura (1838) by Francisco Balagtas

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17
Q

This book features letters exchanged between two ladies. In these letters, Fr. Modesto de Castro highlights the proper behavior that people of all ages and genders should practice when interacting with others.

A

Urbana at Feliza (1854) by Modesto de Castro

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18
Q

A dramatic reenactment of the passion and death of Jesus Christ that is widely practiced across the Philippines.

A

Cenaculo

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19
Q

A form of musical theater that combines spoken and sung parts, often with themes of love, patriotism, and social issues.

A

Zarzuela

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20
Q

It is a story of love, sacrifice, and patriotism set during the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule.

A

Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes

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21
Q

Despite the powerful influence of Spanish culture, this period also paved the way for the emergence of nationalistic sentiments, known as the?

A

Golden Age of Philippine Literature

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22
Q

Examples of Propaganda Literature from the Golden Age of Philippine Literature?

A
  • Noli Me Tangere
  • El Filibusterismo
  • Dasalan at Tocsohan and
  • Essays and articles by Graciano López Jaena and Antonio Luna
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23
Q

This political novel exposes the injustices committed by Spanish Catholic friars and the ruling government.

A

“Noli Me Tangere” (1887) by Dr. Jose Rizal

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24
Q

This novel continues to reveal the abuses and corruption within the Spanish government.

A

El Filibusterismo (1891) by Dr. Jose Rizal

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25
Q

A satirical work that criticizes the hypocrisy of the friars.

A

“Dasalan at Tocsohan” (1888) by Marcelo H. del Pilar

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26
Q

A Spanish-language newspaper, advocated for political reforms and Filipino rights.

A

Essays and Articles of Graciano Jaena and Antonio Luna from “LA SOLIDARIDAD”

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27
Q

This aims to raise awareness and inspire reform.

A

Propaganda Literature

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28
Q

Focused on inciting rebellion and expressing nationalistic sentiments.

A

Revolutionary Literature

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29
Q

Examples of Revolutionary Literature from the Golden Age of Philippine Literature?

A
  • Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa
  • Liwanag at Dilim
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30
Q

A series of essays discussing the principles and ideas behind the Philippine Revolution.

A

“Liwanag at Dilim” (1896) by Emilio Jacinto

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31
Q

This work seeks to awaken Filipinos’ sense of nationalism and self-reliance, encouraging them to fight for their country.

A

“Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa” (1896) by Andres Bonifacio

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32
Q

Highlights feelings, imagination, and nature’s beauty, focusing on personal emotions and idealized experiences rather than reality.

A

Romanticism

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33
Q

Focuses on representing everyday life and society as it is, with an emphasis on accurate, detailed, and unembellished depictions of ordinary people and events.

A

Realism

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34
Q

Focused on the lives, struggles, and aspirations of the working class. English-language newspapers played a key role in publishing these works and shaping public opinion.

A

Proletarian Literature

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35
Q

This became the most prevalent literary form during the latter part of the American colonial period.

A

Short Stories

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36
Q

A love story framed in a political tale that portrays the hardships faced by the working class and the fight for equality and justice.

A

“Banaag at Sikat” (1906) by Lope K. Santos

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37
Q

A prominent publication during the early 20th century in the Philippines.

A

Filipino newspaper El Renacimiento (The Rebirth)

38
Q

A landmark in Philippine literature for its exploration of human emotions and its examination of the impact of societal norms on personal happiness.

A

“Dead Stars” (1920) by Paz Marquez Benitez

39
Q

This was first published in 1925 in the Philippine Herald, a Manila-based newspaper.

A

Dead Stars (1920)

40
Q

Another significant short story that deals with the consequences of early marriage and the loss of dreams. This was first published in Philippine Free Press.

A

“Footnote to Youth” (1933) by Jose Garcia Villa

41
Q

Presents a focused argument or explores a specific topic. It’s a structured form of writing that typically includes: Introduction, Body, and Conclusion.

A

Essay

42
Q

An essay often considered a cornerstone of Filipino nationalistic literature, reflecting Romulo’s patriotism and dedication to his country. This was first published in Philippine Herald.

A

“I Am a Filipino” (1941) by Carlos P. Romulo

43
Q

A type of poetry that doesn’t follow a set rhyme scheme, meter, or traditional form. This gives poets more freedom to convey their thoughts without strict rules.

A

Free verse and “Art for art’s sake”

44
Q

Is renowned for his use of free verse and unique style, embracing the principle of “Art for art’s sake.”

A

Jose Garcia Villa

45
Q

One Filipino writer who shifted from writing in English to Filipino due to Japanese regulations is?

A

Juan Laya

46
Q

Juan Laya’s work that earned him the first prize in the First Commonwealth Literary Awards that same year.

A

His Native Soil (1940)

47
Q

With severe restrictions during the Japanese Colonial Period, what did the Filipino writers relied on to navigate restrictions?

A
  • Allegory (Story with Hidden Meaning)
  • Metaphor (Comparison without using “as” or “like”)
48
Q

The farmer’s struggle to cultivate his land is an allegory for the Filipino fight for freedom.

A

“Lupang Tinubuan” by Narciso Reyes

49
Q

Depicts individuals thirsty for love, likened to dry land craving rain in which the drought symbolizes the suffering of Filipinos under occupation.

A

“Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa” by Liwayway Arceo

50
Q

A specific type of resistance literature, focused on evading censorship by using indirect methods like allegory or metaphor.

A

Circumvention Literature

51
Q

A poignant collection of poetry that serves as a powerful testament to the courage and resilience of Filipino soldiers during the Battle of Bataan in World War II.

A

“The Voice of Bataan” (1943) by Carlos Bulosan

52
Q

A Japanese poetic form with three lines and a syllable pattern of 5-7-5, usually centered on nature and evoking a specific image or feeling.

A

Haiku

53
Q

Traditional Filipino four-line poem with seven syllables per line, often using rhyme schemes like AABB or ABAB. It explores themes such as love, life, and morality.

A

Tanaga

54
Q

This era was marked by newfound freedom and a focus on national identity, post-war healing, and independent expression.

A

The Rebirth of Freedom (1946-1970)

55
Q

Explores the period in the Philippines when the Japanese invaders were leaving in 1944, and the country was rebuilding after World War II.

A

“Mga Ibong Mandaragit” (1969) by Amado V. Hernandez

56
Q

Set during the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, explores the tension between Filipino traditions and the influence of Spanish colonization. The story delves into themes of gender roles and societal expectations, focusing on the power of self-discovery and personal assertion.

A

“The Summer Solstice” (1972) by Nick Joaquin

57
Q

Marked by heightened social and political awareness, this period saw a focus on social justice, inequality, and democracy.

A

The Period of Activism (1970-1972)

58
Q

Young writers through campus newspapers adopted radical styles to challenge the status quo, using direct and provocative language.

A

Protest Literature and the Literary Revolution

59
Q

Under martial law, literature was heavily censored, with an emphasis on promoting national development while suppressing dissent.

A

The Period of the New Society (1972-1980)

60
Q

This includes works by authors who are incarcerated, reflecting the harsh realities of prison life and political oppression.

A

Prison Literature

61
Q

The novel gives a voice to the marginalized and sheds light on the injustices faced by prisoners, focusing on their experiences and interactions with a corrupt and oppressive prison system.

A

“Gapô” (1988) by Lualhati Bautista

62
Q

Despite criticisms of the regime, literature during this period often supported government-led initiatives like agricultural modernization, family planning, and proper nutrition.

A

The Green Revolution

63
Q

After martial law was lifted through the 1986 People Power revolution, literature flourished with themes of democracy, human rights, and justice.

A

The Period of the Third Republic (1981-1985)

64
Q

Was established with the goal of promoting excellence in the literary arts, funds workshops, conferences, and publications.

A

National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA)

65
Q

Known as Doveglion and the Comma Poet, he introduced reversal consonance and comma poems. Notable works include “Footnote to Youth” and “Many Voices”.

A

Jose Garcia Villa

66
Q

A socially committed writer known as the “Manunulat ng Manggagawa” (Writer of the Workers). His major works include “Mga Ibong Mandaragit” and “Luha ng Buwaya”. He is also recognized for his activism.

A

Amado V. Hernandez

67
Q

Known as Quijano de Manila, he explored the Philippine colonial past under Spain. Notable works include “The Woman Who Had Two Navels” and “Summer Solstice”.

A

Nick Joaquin

68
Q

A progenitor of the modern Filipino short story in English, he pioneered the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form. Notable works include “Poetry and Politics” and “The Other Woman”.

A

Francisco Arcellana

69
Q

Filipino novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet, known for writing about Filipino life. His works, such as “The Winds of April” and “The Bread of Salt”, reflect Filipino life and culture.

A

N.V.M. Gonzalez

70
Q

A playwright, thespian, poet, teacher, critic, and translator, known as a stage director. He is National Artist for Theater and Literature.

A

Rolando Tinio

71
Q

Widely acknowledged as the Mother of Philippine Literature. Although she is from Bayombong, she is often associated with Dumaguete, where she co-founded the Silliman National Writers Workshop. Notable works include her poem “Bonsai”.

A

Edith Tiempo

72
Q

Known for modern poetry filled with social consciousness. Notable works include “Doktrinang Anakpawis” and “Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo”. He is also known for his work in literary criticism and cultural promotion.

A

Virgilio Almario

73
Q

A poet, librettist, and scholar who introduced bagay poetry to Tagalog literature. Notable works include “Likhang Dila”, “Likhang Diwa” and “Agunyas sa Hacienda Luisita, Pakikiramay”

A

Bienvenido Lumbera

74
Q

A master of Tagalog novels, known for highlighting nationalism. Notable works include “Ama” and “Maganda Pa Ang Daigdig”.

A

Lazaro Francisco

75
Q

A literary genius who produced numerous works including poems, fiction, and essays. Notable works include “Summer Suns” and “Galaw ng Asoge”.

A

Cirilo Bautista

76
Q

Established with the goal of promoting excellence in the literary arts, funds workshops, conferences, and publications.

A

National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA)

77
Q

Known as Doveglion and the Comma Poet, he introduced reversal consonance and comma poems. Notable works include “Footnote to Youth” and “Many Voices”.

A

Jose Garcia Villa

78
Q

A socially committed writer known as the “Manunulat ng Manggagawa” (Writer of the Workers). His major works include “Mga Ibong Mandaragit” and “Luha ng Buwaya”. He is also recognized for his activism.

A

Amado V. Hernandez

79
Q

Known as Quijano de Manila, he explored the Philippine colonial past under Spain. Notable works include “The Woman Who Had Two Navels” and “Summer Solstice”.

A

Nick Joaquin

80
Q

A progenitor of the modern Filipino short story in English, he pioneered the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form. Notable works include “Poetry and Politics” and “The Other Woman”.

A

Francisco Arcellana

81
Q

A Filipino novelist, short story writer, essayist, and poet, known for writing about Filipino life. His works, such as “The Winds of April” and “The Bread of Salt”, reflect Filipino life and culture.

A

N.V.M Gonzales

82
Q

A playwright, thespian, poet, teacher, critic, and translator, known as a stage director. He is National Artist for Theater and Literature.

A

Rolando Tinio

83
Q

Widely acknowledged as the Mother of Philippine Literature. Although she is from Bayombong, she is often associated with Dumaguete, where she co-founded the Silliman National Writers Workshop. Notable works include her poem “Bonsai”.

A

Edith Tiempo

84
Q

Known for modern poetry filled with social consciousness. Notable works include “Doktrinang Anakpawis” and “Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo”. He is also known for his work in literary criticism and cultural promotion.

A

Virgilio Almario

85
Q

A poet, librettist, and scholar who introduced bagay poetry to Tagalog literature. Notable works include “Likhang Dila”, “Likhang Diwa” and “Agunyas sa Hacienda Luisita, Pakikiramay”.

A

Bienvinido Lumbera

86
Q

A master of Tagalog novels, known for highlighting nationalism. Notable works include “Ama” and “Maganda Pa Ang Daigdig”.

A

Lazaro Francisco

87
Q

A literary genius who produced numerous works including poems, fiction, and essays. Notable works include “Summer Suns” and “Galaw ng Asoge”.

A

Cirilo Bautista

88
Q

Marked by a rich diversity of themes, including globalization, technology, environmental issues, social justice, and identity. This also has new generation of Filipino writers who push the boundaries of literary expression, experimenting with form and style while engaging with modern complexities.

A

Contemporary Period (1986-Present)

89
Q

Writers began experimenting with form, style, and narrative techniques, breaking traditional boundaries.

A

Postmodernism

90
Q

Reflects the experiences of Filipinos living abroad, exploring themes of identity, displacement, and cultural hybridity.

A

Diaspora Literature

91
Q

Addresses the pressing issues of climate change, sustainability, and environmental degradation.

A

Environmental Literature

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