Literature lecture 4

Question 1

What are institutions defined as in the context of policy analysis?

Answer 1

widely understood rules, norms, or strategies shaping behavior in repetitive situations

Question 1

what are the main challenges in analyzing institutions?

Answer 1

abstract nature, complexity, and the temptation to apply one-size-fits-all solutions

Question 2

what is the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework?

Answer 2

It’s a way to organize how we study policies, bringing together different ways of looking at things from both the physical and social sciences.

Question 3

What are the steps involved in applying the IAD framework?

Answer 3

1. Defining the Policy Analysis Objective and the Analytic Approach: defining policy issue or objective
2. Analyzing Physical and Material Conditions: understanding physical and material resources and capacities related to providing goods and services.
3. Analyzing Community Attributes: investigating demographic features, norms, values, beliefs and preferences
4. Analyzing Rules-in-Use

Question 4

What insights do the steps in the analysis (IAD) provide?

Answer 4

It helps us see different parts of the policy situation, so we can understand better what affects people’s actions and results..

Question 5

What is discussed regarding analyzing policy systems using the IAD framework?

Answer 5

The complexity of policy systems, consisting of multiple overlapping action arenas and various levels of rules.

Question 6

What are some steps involved in analyzing policy systems using the IAD framework?

Answer 6

Identifying Action Arenas, Analyzing Multiple Levels of Rules, Integrating the Analysis, Analyzing Actors, Analyzing Patterns of Interaction, Analyzing Outcomes.

Question 7

What is the origin and early application of the IAD framework?

Answer 7

Developed in the early 1970s to understand the impact of different paradigms in political science on public administration and metropolitan organization, then extensively used for empirical studies on police service delivery.

Question 8

How has the IAD framework been applied in empirical studies?

Answer 8

To study different situations within police departments, we look at different parts and people involved, trying to figure out what makes the police do a good job.

Question 9

What is the impact of the IAD framework on policy analysis?

Answer 9

It has affected many types of policy studies, like economic development, privatization, managing resources, how governments work, designing constitutions, and international relations. These studies happen in lots of countries around the world.

Question 10

What does the framework of political modernization and policy arrangements aim to achieve?

Answer 10

It helps us understand environmental policies better by combining ideas from sociology and political science.

Question 11

What are policy arrangements defined as in the context of the text?

Answer 11

Temporary stabilizations within the environmental policy domain, influenced by interactions between actors and broader processes of social and political change.

Question 12

What dimensions are analyzed in the Policy Arrangements Approach?

Answer 12

Actors and coalitions(midden), power distribution, rules of the game, and policy discourses/programs.

Question 13

How can you characterize political modernization?

Answer 13

A structural process of social change, driven by factors such as: Early modernization, anti-modernization, and late modernization, each with shifting views on governance and policy styles. This process reshapes power dynamics and governance paradigms, influencing policy development across various domains.

Question 14

What does empirical research contribute to understanding policy arrangements and political modernization?

Answer 14

It uncovers underlying dynamics shaping policy formulation, implementation, and adaptation, providing insights into their evolution over time.

Question 15

What conclusions have been drawn from research using the Policy Arrangements Approach?

Answer 15

Growing diversity of arrangements in environmental policy, diffusion of political power, and the need for further theoretical and empirical development.

Question 16

How does the Policy Arrangements Approach offer opportunities for intervention?

Answer 16

It helps us look at how things change over time in different arrangements, which can lead to more diverse ways of intervening in policies.

Question 17

What is the overall assessment of the Policy Arrangements Approach?

Answer 17

It shows promise but requires ongoing theoretical and empirical research to strengthen its effectiveness as a basis for intervention in environmental policy.

Question 18

What challenges have natural resource policies in developing countries faced?

Answer 18

Falling short of their intended goals, particularly in Africa, Asia, and Latin America.

Question 19

What approach is advocated for by policy-makers and researchers to address challenges by implementing natural resource policies in developing countries faced?

Answer 19

Geographically and contextually grounded institutional reforms, avoiding one-size-fits-all solutions.

Question 20

How does the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework contribute to addressing these challenges? (implementing in developing countries)

Answer 20

By bridging the gap between local actions and higher governance levels, considering factors beyond local communities.

Question 21

What limitations of the IAD framework are highlighted by critics?

Answer 21

Not considering power dynamics and the bigger social and economic context where institutions work can cause problems.

Question 22

How can the IAD framework be enriched according to the text?

Answer 22

By integrating insights from power-centred approaches and post-structuralist perspectives to illuminate how discourses and power dynamics influence policy change

Question 23

What variables are incorporated into the extended IAD framework?

Answer 23

The politico-economic context and discourses, influencing both the action situation and the actors themselves.

Question 24

How does the extended IAD framework consider agency?

Answer 24

It looks at both people’s actions and how the environment affects them, studying what individuals want to do and the systems and cultures they’re part of.

Question 25

What are some key findings from the analysis of afforestation policies in Northern Vietnam using the extended IAD framework?

Answer 25

Inadequate support for smallholder forestry, bias in land classification, role of political-economic context and discourses, consensual decision-making and black-boxing, and propaganda and power dynamics.

Question 26

What implications does the extended IAD framework have for policy recommendations?

Answer 26

It’s important to question common ideas, understand how policies are shaped, and think about power, the situation, and ideas when making good policy suggestions.

Question 27

What is the overall aim of the methodological development of the IAD framework?

Answer 27

It gives a strong base for making useful policy suggestions that fit different social and environmental situations.

Question 28

What is the resilience agenda integrated into urban governance and planning systems intended to promote?

Answer 28

Sustainable development, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation

Question 29

What capacities does resilience encompass, according to the text?

Answer 29

Short-term conservative, medium-term reformative, and long-term transformative capacities.

Question 30

What does the study aim to explore and explain regarding transformative resilience?

Answer 30

It aims to explore and explain transformative resilience and define dimensions for operationalizing and evaluating conventional systems’ transformative resilience.

Question 31

What are the four components outlined in Janin Rivolin’s conceptual framework for understanding conventional governance and planning systems?

Answer 31

Structures: legal requirements and institutions relevant to spatial development objectives
tools: link policy objectives to ground-level practices
discourses: denote prevalent narratives guiding planning systems
practices: involve implementing spatial policies and land development objectives

Question 32

What are the characteristics s of transformative resilience for governance and planning systems?

Answer 32

Foresight and path-shifting, collaboration and leadership, creativity and agility, and experimentation and embeddedness.

Question 33

What are the significant aspects influencing the transition towards transformative resilience, according to the proposed framework?

Answer 33

Functional, social, political, institutional, ecological, technological, legal, and financial dimensions.

Question 34

what does the planning systems as intstitutional technologies framework aim to achieve?

Answer 34

This idea aims to connect how planning is officially done with how it’s practiced in different places, giving a way to compare and emphasizing the role of institutions in spatial planning.

Question 35

what does the concept of ‘institutional technology’ emphasize?

Answer 35

Planning systems change over time because of history, society, and money. They improve by trying different things, keeping what works, and making it a regular part of how things are done.

Question 36

can you explain the diachronic and synchronic perspectives of the planning systems as intstitutional technologies framework?

Answer 36

Diachronic (historical): planning systems evolve through processes of innovation, competition and selection. they adapt to changing societal needs and external pressures, incorporating new tools, practices, and institutional structures.
Synchronic (current): planning systems are analyzed in their current state, considering their structure, tools, discourse, and practice. the interplay between these elements and exernal influences shapes the functioning of the planning system and its effectiveness in governing territorial development.

Question 37

what are the four interconnected dimensions of policy arrangements framework and how do they work?

Answer 37

resources (punt), discourse (punt), rules of the game (punt), actors (middle).
each dimension interacts with the others, creating a dynamic systems where changes in one aspect ripple throught the entire arrangement.

Question 38

how is urban planning portayed?

Answer 38

It’s a way of governing that happens in complicated systems, where different levels of government, areas of work, and people all interact with each other.