Literature lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is planning culture?

A

planning culture refers to the idea that planning practices are influenced by cultural contexts, challenging the notion that planning is a neutral, technical activity.

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2
Q

what are the two main drivers for considering the cultural embeddedness of planning?

A

globalization and changes in planning and social theory

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3
Q

How does globalization impact planning research?

A

It increases the demand for comparative studies to understand cultural variations among nation-states.

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4
Q

What are some examples of changes in planning and social theory?

A

The cultural turn and neo-institutionalism

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5
Q

What are the main arguments regarding planning effectiveness in Flanders and the Netherlands?

A

Cultural and institutional conditions are crucial in explaining the effectiveness of spatial planning in managing spatial development.

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6
Q

What are some differences in urban form between Flanders and the Netherlands?

A

Flanders exhibits extreme sprawl chracterized by dispersed spatial development while the Netherlands has controlled sub-urbanization.

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7
Q

How do culture and institutions overlap in planning research?

A

Institutions provide templates for interprettion and action, shping the behavior of individuals and collective actors within a community.

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8
Q

What are some differences in planning approaches between Flanders and the Netherlands?

A

Flanders has a politicized planning approach dominated by short-term political rationality, while the Netherlands has a depoliticized approach with bureaucratic rationality dominating decision-making

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9
Q

What are the four perspectives on planning and culture?

A
  • planning as a cultural phenomenon: spatial development is influenced by factors beyond formal planning mechanisms eg. historical events, societal attitudes.
  • planning as a sub-culture: ?
  • planning as a function of government: imporantce of understanding how planning systems interact with government structures and societal expectations.
  • societal culture and planning: relationship between a society’s culture, urban morphology, and planning
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10
Q

What should be understood about planning outcomes in Flanders and the Netherlands?

A

Looking at things from different perspectives helps us fully understand how culture, the layout of spaces, and planning are connected.

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11
Q

What are the values and challenges highlighted in international comparative research in understanding spatial planning?

A

Comparative studies shed light on national conditions and provide alternative perspectives on planning systems, but they face challenges in methodological issues and the validity of comparisons.

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12
Q

what initiatives have facilitated incerased interaction between spatial planning systems in Europe?

A

Initiatives like ESPON and INTERREG have spurred interest in cross-national comparisons

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13
Q

What does the European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) draw attention to?

A

legal and administrative classification and ideal typologies

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14
Q

what are some methodological challenges faced by cross-national comparative studies of planning systems?

A

obtaining compatible data, dealing with socio-political contexts and language differences, and ensuring linguistic and conceptual equivalence.

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15
Q

what is the EU-wide compendium of spatial planning systems and policies?

A

It’s a study started to give complete details about how Europe plans its spaces and to find out the difficulties faced in putting those plans into action.

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16
Q

how does the compendium employ a typology to understand planning systems in Europe?

A

it uses four ‘traditions’ of spatial planning: comprehensive integrated, land-use management, regional economic, and urbanism

17
Q

what are criticisms are mentioned regarding the ideal type approach used in comparative planning studies?

A

Ctirics argue that it may focus too much on unrealistic and one-sided ideal types, potentially overlooking the complexity of real-world planning systems.

18
Q

what is emphasized regarding the future evolution of comparative approaches in spatial planning research?

A

We need new ways of thinking and working. These should focus on being flexible, who’s involved, and how planning happens at different levels.

19
Q

what are some mechanisms of governances introduced by Europeanization in spatial planning?

A

Hierarchy, bargaining, and facilitated coordination

20
Q

what is the multi-scalar analytical framework for comparative spatial planning research focused on?

A

considering both structural framework conditions and concrete practices within individual systems across different scales

21
Q

what are some challenges presented on the macro level in spatial planning?

A

spatial challenges such as globalization and institutional challenges related to adapting to changing spatial dynamics.

22
Q

what are some key themes outlined in the methodological framework for comparative analysis in spatial planning research?

A

scope and objectives of spatial planning, modes and tools of spatial planning, rescaling planning power, actors and networks, and policy and planning styles.

23
Q

what are some approaches to European spatial development policy?

A
  • Strategically oriented informal approaches
  • formal acts
  • monetary incentive systems.
24
Q

What is emphasized regarding planning systems at the meso level?

A

They need to adapt to change, sometimes staying steady, sometimes not.

25
Q

what concept is applied to planning research to highlight the interplay between objective structures and individual perceptions and actions within planning contexts?

A

Bourdieu’s notion of field and habitus

26
Q

What is the expectation regarding shifts in planning approaches across different countries?

A

a shift towards strategy-oriented planning with variations in approach and content.

27
Q

what is the overall aim of the framework proposed for understanding spatial planning systems and practices?

A

To understand how planning works in different places, we have to look at both the big picture rules and the specific ways it’s done locally.

28
Q

how are culture and institutions defined?

A

culture is shared attitudes and values.
institutions are rules, resources and patterns of behavior.

29
Q

What are historical factors that have influenced differences in NL and Belgium

A

belgium had early industrialization which led to specific patterns of urbanization, driven by stogn anti-urban sentiment.
netherlands: post war housing shortages and population growth necessitated large scale public intervention, lead to containment policies.

30
Q

what are formal classifications?

A

categorization of planning systems based on common attributes

31
Q

what are ideal types?

A

Ideal types in spatial planning refer to conceptual models or theoretical constructs that represent an idealized or simplified version of a planning approach, process, or outcome. These ideal types are often used as analytical tools to understand and evaluate spatial planning practices, policies, and systems.

32
Q

What are approaches to European Spatial Development policy?

A
  1. strategically oriented, informal approaches: spatial discourses
  2. formal acts: legally binding tools
  3. moneraty incentive systems: linking spatial development goals with fincancial incentives
33
Q

Role of ESPON

A

network serves as a link between research and practice, facilitating exchange of spatially relevant data

34
Q

adaptive capacities on the meso level

A

planning systems must adapt to changing conditions. systems exhibit varying degrees of stability and instability with some countries experiencing gradual adaptation processes while others experience more abrupt changes

35
Q

planning practices and policy styles on the micro level

A

planning practices vary within systems due to differing cultural and contextual factors. concept of ‘intrinsic logic’ considers context-dependent forms of planning practice.

36
Q

what are the five dimensions of change?

A
  1. scope and objectives: strategic spatial planning, aligning short- and medium-term actions.
  2. modes and tools: differentiation of instrumental tools (emphasis on informal modes of operation). balance between formal ad informal planning are crucial.
  3. rescaling planning power: decentralization and recentralization.
  4. actors and networks: shift from government to governance
  5. policy and planning styles: vary from command and control to consensus-oriented governance arrangements.