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PRAXIS English 0041/5041 > Literature and Understanding Text > Flashcards

Literature and Understanding Text Flashcards

1
Q

This type of ‘traditional literature’ is realistic with a moral, and comes off as didactic. Unlike a fable, it ‘can’ be true. (Prodigal Son)

A

parable

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2
Q

This type of ‘traditional literature’ is a nonrealistic story with a moral, sometimes featuring animals (Aesop)

A

fable

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3
Q

This type of ‘traditional literature’ is nonrealistic and features magic and stereotypes (Cinderella, Grimm Brothers)

A

fairy tale

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4
Q

This type of ‘traditional literature’ uses the language of the people and does not always feature a moral (Babe the Blue Ox)

A

folk tale

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5
Q

This type of ‘traditional literature’ is used to explain phenomena (Thor’s hammer)

A

myth

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6
Q

This type of ‘traditional literature’ tells exaggerated stories about real people, places, or things (George Washington and the cherry tree)

A

legend

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7
Q

This 18th-19th century movement originated in Germany and moved to England. It focused on awe, imagination, fancy, freedom, emotion, and the beauty of nature. Authors include Wordsworth, Poe, Goethe, and Mary Shelley.

A

Romanticism

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8
Q

This 19th century reaction to Romanticism featured a rejection of classical themes and embraced a true-to-life approach. Authors include Flaubert, Tolstoy, George Eliot, and Stephen Crane.

A

Realism

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9
Q

This 19th century reaction to Realism focused on symbolically evoking the world beyond the five senses and portraying highly complex feelings. Authors include Yeats, Joyce, and TS Eliot. (Includes some modernist writers as well)

A

Symbolism

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10
Q

This early 20th century movement focused on content and form of work. Its founders believed that knowledge was not absolute, that there was a loss of tradition, and featured the dominance of technology. Authors/contributors include Einstein, Freud, Ezra Pound, Joyce, E.E. Cummings, and Ibsen.

A

Modernism

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11
Q

This 20th century movement, mostly in art, attempted to free people from false rationality and restrictive structures. It supported socialism, communism, and anarchism. Some contributors were inspired by Freud’s work on dreams and the unconscious. Included are Breton, Aragon, Artaud, and Peret.

A

Surrealism

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12
Q

This lengthy form of fiction tells realistic stories that could happen–they could take place anywhere as long as the author makes it believable. This form was popularized by Dafoe’s ‘Robinson Crusoe’ and Swift’s ‘Gulliver’s Travels’

A

novel

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13
Q

This form of fiction originated in France and later moved to England and Germany, portraying an idealized life that is better than true experience. It may include love and/or fantasy. (Malory’s ‘Le Morte D’Arthur)

A

romance

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14
Q

This form of fiction shows only one character’s ideas and thoughts–the character is round and known in detail by the reader. (St. Augustine and Rosseau)

A

confession

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15
Q

In this form of fiction, the reader sees the world through the eyes of another and ends up with a different take on a certain aspect because of it (The reader’s take on candy in Roald Dahl’s ‘Charlie and the Chocolate Factory’)

A

Menippean satire

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16
Q

This term is the author’s attitude

A

tone

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17
Q

This term describes when the author talks down to the reader

A

condescension

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18
Q

This term describes a teaching tone in literature

A

didactic

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19
Q

The type of irony in which there is incongruity between what is said and what is mean is

A

verbal irony

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20
Q

The type of irony in which there is a difference between what happens and what is expected is

A

situational irony

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21
Q

This type of irony is when the reader knows more than the character knows

A

dramatic irony

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22
Q

This literary device conveys fun and laughter

A

humor

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23
Q

A humorous or ridiculing imitation is this

A

parody

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24
Q

The excessive use of feeling or emotion in writing

A

sentimentality

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25
Q

This comparison between two dissimilar things uses “like” or “as”

A

simile

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26
Q

This comparison between two dissimilar things uses a literal description - “The diving bird was a missile headed for its target”

A

metaphor

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27
Q

This compares two dissimilar things in order to explain something complex (Professional bullriding can be like rewiring the electric grid to your house–it’s dangerous and if you make one mistake, you might end up on the ground)

A

analogy

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28
Q

Giving human characteristics to inanimate objects is

A

personification, also connected to anthropomorphism

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29
Q

A meaningless phrase because of frequent use

A

cliche

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30
Q

Reference to a historical, literary, or familiar character or event to make an idea understandable

A

allusion

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31
Q

An author’s choice of words is his or her

A

diction

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32
Q

The author’s/speaker’s ‘fingerprint’ made up of tone, style, diction, and figurative language

A

voice

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33
Q

This point of view is when the narrator knows all about the characters and their actions, sharing this with the reader

A

omniscient

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34
Q

This point of view is when the narrator does not share all info about characters and their actions

A

limited omniscient

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35
Q

This point of view is similar to an over-the-shoulder view of the action, giving no thoughts or feelings from the characters

A

objective

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36
Q

This point of view unfolds through the eyes of one central character and can be biased. Uses “I.”

A

first person singular

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37
Q

This point of view uses “you” and can pose a problem to the reader as they aren’t sure who “you” refers to

A

second person

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38
Q

In this point of view, the narrator does not participate but can reveal thoughts and feelings. Uses “he” and “she.”

A

Third person

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39
Q

This term describes the devices used by the writer to enhance the flow of words or describes the writer’s formal choices in his or her work

A

style

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40
Q

Denotation describes a word’s…

A

precise meaning

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41
Q

Connotation describe’s a word’s

A

impression or feeling beyond the direct meaning of the word

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42
Q

The repetition of initial sounds in nearby words (crawling cats in the cage)

A

alliteration

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43
Q

The repetition of vowel sounds in a line is called

We are right for the fight tonight

A

assonance

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44
Q

“Snap,” “crackle” and “pop” are examples of

A

onomatopoeia

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45
Q

The flow or cadence of the writing that creates mood or feeling for the reader

A

rhythm

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46
Q

Descriptive language that creates a mental image for the reader using the five senses

A

imagery

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47
Q

The opposite of hyperbole, this presents something as less significant then it is
(It’s just a flesh wound)

A

understatement

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48
Q

Creative and witty use of words, including puns

A

wordplay

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49
Q

When one person, place, or thing represents something else it is…
(Blood as guilt in ‘Macbeth’)

A

symbolism

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50
Q

Plot can be presented in these three fashions

A

chronological, flashback, foreshadowing

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51
Q

The unsettled issues, either internal or external, that drive the plot of a story

A

conflict

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52
Q

The state of uncertainty, or not knowing, created for the reader

A

suspense

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53
Q

An exciting, unresolved ending to a story or chapter is a

A

cliffhanger

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54
Q

Giving a clue or hint to a future action in a story is the use of

A

foreshadowing

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55
Q

Emotionally-charged words, expressions, or events to provoke a strong reaction in the reader is called
(think Indiana Jones or James Bond movies)

A

sensationalism

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56
Q

The highest point of interest in a book or story–when a reader says, “Aha! I surely know what will happen now!” is called

A

climax

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57
Q

The ending of a book, which can be open (all q’s answered) or closed (not all q’s answered)

A

denoument

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58
Q

In this type of plot, you must read the entire story to have all questions answered (like most novels)

A

progressive plot

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59
Q

In this type of plot, the individual chapters/stories are stories within themselves (like TV shows and comics)

A

episodic plot

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60
Q

The structure of a story is mainly made up by these two things

A

plot and setting

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61
Q

This type of setting in a story is not important to the plot, also called “figurative setting”

A

backdrop setting

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62
Q

This type of setting is essential to the plot–it could only happen in this place

A

integral setting

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63
Q

These types of characters are fully described and revealed

A

round

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64
Q

These types of characters are not fully developed

A

flat

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65
Q

These types of characters are unchanging through the story

A

static

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66
Q

These types of characters develop and change through the story

A

dynamic

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67
Q

Typecasting a character based on nationality, gender, religion, etc. is called

A

stereotyping

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68
Q

The five methods of character presentation are

A

Actions, thoughts, speech, appearance, and judgments by narrator/other characters

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69
Q

The main idea or central meaning of the work is its

A

theme

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70
Q

The _______ of a story is judged by how the reader feels convinced by the characters, setting, and plot

A

authenticity

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71
Q

Person vs. him/herself is a type of

A

internal conflict

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72
Q

Person vs nature, person vs person, person vs society, and person vs machine are types of

A

external conflict

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73
Q

Expository writing like biographies, reports, and essays whose purpose is to inform can be called

A

nonfiction prose

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74
Q

In poetry, a group of lines with metrical order is called a

A

stanza

75
Q

A 14-line fixed-form poem is known as a

A

sonnet

76
Q

This type of sonnet contains an octave and sestet. It’s rhyme scheme is abbaabba cdecde. It originated in Italy.

A

Petrarchan sonnet

77
Q

This type of sonnet contains three quatrains and a couplet. It’s rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.

A

Shakespearean/English sonnet

78
Q

This is a story poem vast in length that celebrates a hero and uses couplet form w/ equal line lengths (The Iliad)

A

epic

79
Q

This is a story poem written in song (Rime of the Ancient Mariner)

A

ballad

80
Q

This type of poetry focuses on moving the reader to emotion (Wordsworth and Coleridge)

A

lyric poetry

81
Q

This type of lyric poetry is a lament for someone or something

A

elegy

82
Q

This type of lyric poetry gives praise to figures and are usually long in length

A

ode

83
Q

This form of poetry began with courtly love poems from Medieval times. It features five tercets with an ending quatrain. (Do Not Go Gentle…)

A

villanelle

84
Q

This form of poetry features six stanzas of six lines

A

sestina

85
Q

A short poem with a clever twist at the end:

Little strokes / Fell great oaks, / A stitch in time / Saves nine (Ben Franklin)

A

epigram

86
Q

A five line poem in AABBA, popularized by Edward Lear:
There was a Young Lady whose chin / Resembled the point of a pin; / So she had it made sharp, / and purchased a harp,/ And played several tunes with her chin.

A

limerick

87
Q

This is also known as off-rhyme or near-rhyme

A

slant rhyme

88
Q

Rhyming one syllable words for impact is the use of

A

masculine rhyme

89
Q

Rhyming multi-syllable words for softness/lightness is the use of

A

feminine rhyme

90
Q

Unrhymed poetry with varied metrical patterns is ____ verse

A

free verse

91
Q

Unrhymed poetry in iambic pentameter is called (popularized by Shakespeare and Milton)

A

blank verse

92
Q

Iambic means ______ and pentameter means _______

A

Using iambs (unstressed/stressed), five measures per line

93
Q

“in the FIRE” (unstressed/unstressed/stressed) is an example of

A

an anapest (think ‘anapest in the FIRE’)

94
Q

DOUBle DOUBle TOil and TROUBle shows heavy use of (stressed/unstressed)

A

trochees (think ‘TROUBle trochees’)

95
Q

TAKE her up / TENderly are both examples of (stressed/unstressed/unstressed)

A

dactyl (think ‘ten TENderly dactyls’)

96
Q

This sub-period of literature is the first of the Classial (1200BC-455CE) during the time of ‘The Iliad’ and ‘The Odyssey’

A

Homeric

97
Q

This period of literature featured Aesop, Plato, and Socrates

A

Classical Greek

98
Q

This period of literature featured Ovid, Virgil, and Horace

A

Classical Roman

99
Q

This period of literature featured St. Augustine and St. Ambrose and saw the first composition of The Holy Bilbe

A

Patristic

100
Q

This period of literature saw ‘Beowulf’ and ‘The Wanderer’

A

Old English (Anglo-Saxon)

101
Q

This period of literature saw advancement in grammars, encyclopedias, and was also the same time as the writing of the Viking sagas

A

Carolingian Renaissance

102
Q

This period of literature saw a change in English as well as romances, French fables, and author Marie de France during the 12th Century Renaissance

A

Middle English

103
Q

Chaucer, Malory, Petrarch, and Dante were all writers during this period of literature

A

Late (High) Medieval

104
Q

Edmund Spenser and Martin Luther wrote during this period of literature

A

Tudor (part of the Renaissance/Reformation period)

105
Q

This period of literature featured Shakespeare, Kyd, Marlowe, and Sidney

A

Elizabethan (part of the Renaissance/Reformation period)

106
Q

After Elizabeth’s reign was over, playwright Ben Jonson and poet/satirist Jon Donne wrote during this period

A

Jacobean (part of the Renaissance/Reformation period)

107
Q

This literature period was during Oliver Cromwell’s dictatorship and featured writers Andrew Marvelle and Sir Thomas Prowne

A

Commonwealth (part of the Renaissance/Reformation period)

108
Q

During the Enlightenment/Neoclassical and restoring of the English crown, Dryden, Locke, and Moliere wrote in this period of literature

A

Restoration

109
Q

During the Enlightenment/Neoclassical, Swift, Pope, and Voltaire wrote in this period of literature

A

Augustun

110
Q

The Age of Johnson was a movement toward romanticism but still neoclassical. It featured these famous (and one of the first) American authors

A

Ben Franklin and Thomas Paine (Sam Johnson and Boswell in England)

111
Q

Coleridge, Blake, Keats, Shelley, Goethe, and Austen all wrote during this literary movement

A

Romantic

112
Q

Inspired by romanticism, Emerson and Thoreau were at the forefront of this movement

A

Transcendentalism

113
Q

Stoker, Poe, and Hawthorne were all writers in this movement inspired by romanticism

A

Gothic

114
Q

Sentimental novels and authors Tennyson, Dickens, and Oscar Wilde were important in this literary period

A

Victorian

115
Q

A famous naturalist/realist/impressionist American author writing in the Victorian period who wrote ‘The Blue Hotel’

A

Stephen Crane

116
Q

Woolf, Yeats, Heaney, Auden, Frost, Flannery O’Connor, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and Faulkner are all considered authors of this period of literature

A

Modern (1914-45)

117
Q

Langston Hughes is one of the remembered authors of this African-American movement during the modern literature period

A

Harlem Renaissance

118
Q

Metafiction, fragmented poetry, and multiculturalism in literature are all part of this period

A

Postmodern (1945 - present)

119
Q

This literary criticism theory poses that the meaning of the text is within the reader’s psyche-both conscious and unconscious

A

Reader response theory

120
Q

Group debate working toward shared interpretations about a text is this literary criticism theory (Great Books Program)

A

Shared inquiry theory

121
Q

This literary criticism theory uses historical social and intellectual currents from the time the author wrote to find meaning in the text

A

Historicism

122
Q

This literary criticism theory uses recension (selection and examination of evidence) and emendation (effort to eliminate all errors in even the best manuscripts)

A

Textual criticism

123
Q

A literary criticism theory that attempts to male-dominated critical perspective with a female consciousness is called

A

feminist criticism

124
Q

Using knowledge of the author’s life experiences to understand a text in theory is called

A

biographical criticism

125
Q

This type of criticism focuses on the historical, social, and economic contexts of a work

A

Cultural criticism

126
Q

This type of literary criticism theory focuses on formal elements such as language, structure, tone, diction, irony, paradox, metaphor, simile, etc.

A

Formal criticism

127
Q

A story in which people, things, or actions represent an idea or generalization about life, and usually have a moral (Pilgrim’s Progress)

A

allegory

128
Q

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several lines (I Have a Dream…)

A

anaphora

129
Q

A brief story that illustrates or makes a point

A

anecdote

130
Q

A wise saying, usually short and witty (An apple a day keeps the doctor away)

A

aphorism

131
Q

A natural pause in a line of verse, marked in prosody by a //

A

caesura

132
Q

A metaphor or figure of speech, often elaborate, that compares two things that are very different (John Donne used this)

A

conceit

133
Q

Repetition of final consonant sounds (stroke of luck)

A

consonance

134
Q

Language that intentionally distorts or disguises meaning, which may take the form of a euphemism. (genuine imitation leather used for ‘vinyl’)

A

doublespeak

135
Q

In poetry, when one line ends and continues onto the next line to complete meaning, this is the use of

A

enjambment

136
Q

The philosophy and literary movement that values human freedom and personal responsibility, and authors include Camus, Sartre, Nietzsche, Kafka, and Beauvoir.

A

existentialism

137
Q

A character who acts in contrast of another character is a

A

foil

138
Q

This measurement is can be made up of one stressed syllable and any number of unstressed syllables, from zero to four.

A

metrical foot/feet

139
Q

Give the metrical term for lines of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, and eight feet in poetry

A

monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, septameter, octameter

140
Q

A literary device in which a story is enclosed in another story is called

A

frame story

141
Q

A pair of lines of poetic verse written in iambic pentameter, used by Chaucer

A

heroic couplet

142
Q

The flaw that leads to the downfall of the tragic hero

A

hubris

143
Q

An expression specific to a certain language that means something different from the literal meaning (come up for air = stop talking)

A

idiom

144
Q

The art and science of text interpretation is called

A

hermeneutics

145
Q

A type of wordplay in which the speaker mixes up words to accidentally create a different, or opposite meaning (A doctor a day keeps the apple away)

A

Malapropism

146
Q

A figure of speech in which one word is substituted for another with which it is closely associated (‘The White House’ stands for the president and people who work there)

A

metonymy

147
Q

Oedipus complex refers to Freud’s belief that

A

people experience complex emotions based on their sexual attraction to the opposite sex parent

148
Q

A contradictory statement that makes sense (Man learns from history that man learns nothing from history)

A

paradox

149
Q

A phrase that consists of two contradictory terms (deafening silence)

A

oxymoron

150
Q

The attribution of human feelings and responses to inanimate things or animals (pet rock)

A

pathetic fallacy

151
Q

The repetition of a line or phrase of a poem at regular intervals, particularly at the end of each stanza

A

refrain

152
Q

Persuasive writing/speaking is also known as

A

rhetoric

153
Q

The regular and random occurrence of sounds in poetry

A

rhythm

154
Q

A long speech made in a play while no other characters are speaking

A

soliloquy

155
Q

A metrical foot consisting of two syllables, both of which are stressed (FOOT-BALL)

A

spondee (think ‘spondee sports = FOOT-BALL’)

156
Q

A style of writing that portrays the inner-thoughts of a character, utilized by Joseph Conrad and Virginia Woolf

A

stream of consciousness

157
Q

A figure of speech in which a part represents a whole (The word “head” can represent cattle)

A

synecdoche

158
Q

The juxtaposition of one sensory image with another that appeals to an unrelated sense (the room was painted a cool blue)

A

synesthesia

159
Q

Language spoken by common people who live in a particular region (not dialect)

A

Vernacular

160
Q

A type of Japanese poem written in three lines with five syllables, seven syllables, five syllables

A

Haiku

161
Q

A poem that tells a story is a

A

narrative poem

162
Q

A poem that depicts life in a idyllic, idealized way

A

pastoral

163
Q

A genre of literature in which the character cannot find any inherent purpose in life, represented by meaningless actions and events (Kafka’s ‘The Metamorphosis’)

A

absurdist

164
Q

A type of comedy in which silly, often stereotyped characters, are involved in far-fetched situations (Comedy of Errors)

A

farce

165
Q

Literature that makes fun of social conventions or conditions, usually to evoke change (Swift’s ‘A Modest Proposal’)

A

satire

166
Q

A very exaggerated, funny story that is obviously unbelievable, but told as it if were true (Paul Bunyan eating 50 pancakes in 1 minute)

A

tall tale

167
Q

A phrase or statement written in memory of a person, especially on a tombstone

A

epitaph

168
Q

A byname that accompanies a famous or divine character or person, which can be though of as a nickname, like ‘Alexander the Great’ or ‘Cloud-gathering Zeus’

A

epithet

169
Q

A historical account written from personal knowledge, such as Barack Obama’s ‘Dreams from my Father’

A

memoir

170
Q

Works including ‘The Epic of Gilgamesh,’ Hebrew scriptures, and the teachings of Confucius fall under this category

A

Ancient world literature

171
Q

This group of poets, including Longfellow and Holmes, were from Boston and wrote poems to be read as family entertainment

A

Fireside poets, 19th C

172
Q

A group of American writers, including Alan Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, known for its nonconformity, drug-experimentation, interest in Eastern religions, and rejection of materialism.

A

The Beat Generation, 1950s

173
Q

A group of poets who wrote in the 1950s, including Sylvia Plath, Robert Lowell, and Anne Sexton

A

Confessional School

174
Q

This group of poets wrote in the 17th C and wrote for King Charles I, who demanded the fine arts. The poets include Jonson, Carew, Lovelace, and Suckling. The poems often celebrated the English crown or courtly love and used allegorical/classical allusions.

A

Cavalier poets a.k.a Sons of Ben

175
Q

This 17th C literary movement in British lit featured early novels written by women and meant to be read by women. It was an early predecessor of the modern romance novel. Authors include Aphra Behn and Eliza Haywood.

A

Amatory fiction

176
Q

This 17th C group of poets used extended conceits sometimes about religion and included authors Jon Donne, George Herbert, and Andrew Marvell

A

metaphysical poets

177
Q

This 18th C literary movement based chiefly on classical ideals, satire, and skepticism included Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift

A

The Augustans

178
Q

Wordsworth and :Coleridge were from the English Lake District and known as this

A

The Lake Poets

179
Q

Washington Irving and Nathaniel Hawthorne were both part of this movement

A

American Romanticism

180
Q

This “dark” movement in 19th C America was a reaction to transcendentalism and featured authors Poe, Hawthorne, Melville, and Lippard

A

Dark Romanticism

181
Q

This late-19th C movement was based on a simplification of style and an interest in poverty and everyday concerns. Notable authors include Flaubert, Tolstoy, Howwels, and Norris.

A

Realism

182
Q

This 19th C movement believed that heredity and environment control people. Notable authors include Emile Zola and Stephen Crane.

A

Naturalism

183
Q

This principally French movement was based on the structure of thought rather than poetic form or image. It influence Poe and Merril. Authors include Mallarme, Rimbaud, and Valery.

A

Symbolism

184
Q

Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Ezra Pound, and Waldo Pierce are collectively know as this, a group of American literary nobles who lived in Paris and other parts of Europe from World War I to the Great Depression.

A

The Lost Generation

PRAXIS English 0041/5041 (4 decks)

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