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PRAXIS English 0041/5041 > Language and Linguistics > Flashcards

Language and Linguistics Flashcards

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1
Q

This is a person, place, or thing

A

noun

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2
Q

This type of noun can’t be touched, tasted, seen, heard, felt, or smelt ex) anger

A

abstract noun

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3
Q

Concrete nouns are broken into these two types

A

General ex) animal, city

Specific ex) bullfrog, Seattle

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4
Q

This part of speech is an action or state of being

A

verb

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5
Q

“Jumps” is an example of this verb tense

A

present

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6
Q

“Jumped” is an example of this verb tense

A

past

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7
Q

“Will jump” is an example of this verb tense

A

future

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8
Q

“Has jumped” is an example of this verb tense

A

present perfect

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9
Q

“Had jumped” is an example of this verb tense

A

past perfect

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10
Q

“Will have jumped” is an example of this verb tense

A

future perfect

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11
Q

When the subject comes before the verb, it is this type of “voice”

A

active voice

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12
Q

When the subject comes after the verb, it is this type of “voice”

A

passive voice

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13
Q

“Star,” “fall,” and “sink” can be used as nouns, verbs, and adjectives, which are called

A

multiple meaning words

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14
Q

This part of speech can stand in for a noun. Ex) “he”

A

pronoun

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15
Q

“HE reads” indicates this type of pronoun

A

subjective pronoun

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16
Q

“Read to HIM” indicates this type of pronoun

A

objective pronoun

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17
Q

“HIS book” indicates this type of pronoun

A

possessive pronoun

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18
Q

Myself, yourself, and himself - what type of pronoun?

A

reflexive pronoun (think ‘self reflexes’)

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19
Q

This, that, and these - what type of pronoun?

A

demonstrative pronoun (answers ‘which’)

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20
Q

All, any, few, none - what type of pronoun?

A

Indefinite pronoun (as in no definite number)

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21
Q

Which, who, that (in a clause) - what type of pronoun?

A

Relative pronoun (think ‘Mary, who is my relative’)

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22
Q

What, which, who, whose (in a question) - what type of pronoun?

A

Interrogative pronoun (think ‘interrogating a prisoner’)

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23
Q

This part of speech tells - which, what, what kind, how many, of something

A

adjective

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24
Q

The two types of adjectives are

A

Concrete (shiny, sharp, loud)

Abstract (good, democratic, boring)

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25
Q

This part of speech gives more info about a verb, adverb, or adjective and sometimes ends in -ly

A

adverb

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26
Q

This part of speech can tell where, when, how, how often/long, how much

A

adverb (nearby, soon, quietly, frequently, too)

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27
Q

This part of speech shows how nouns/pronouns relate to other words (He flew ABOVE the cloud)

A

preposition - can also be group of words (in spite of, together with, on account of)

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28
Q

This part of speech joins words or groups of words (The giant AND the troll gossiped … The elf ran home, FOR he had forgot)

A

conjunction

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29
Q

The father AND his son - signifies which type of conjunction?

A

coordinating - connects nouns or clauses

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30
Q

AFTER the rain stopped … ALTHOUGH she is fat - signifies which type of conjunction?

A

subordinating (think that the following phrase is subordinate to the conjunction)

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31
Q

BOTH Steve AND John … EITHER red OR yellow … NOT ONLY cheese, BUT ALSO milk - signifies what type of conjunction?

A

Correlative (co = together, in pairs)

32
Q

EYES WIDE, MOUTH OPEN, the troll stared at the billy goat … THE SUN HAVING RISEN, the ogre went into the cave - are types of this phrase:

A

Absolute phrase (describes parts of a noun or shows cause and effect)

33
Q

BLOWING DOWN STRAW HOUSES is easy for the wolf … John worked hard at LEARNING MAGIC - are types of this phrase:

A

gerund phrase (groups of words that act as a noun, usually -ing + noun/preposition)

34
Q

This type of phrase can act as a direct object (He likes PLAYING BASEBALL), object of a preposition (Steve practiced at WINNING GAMES), or subject (HITTING HOMERS was Barry Bond’s goal)

A

gerund phrase

35
Q

“To run” is an example of this type of phrase

A

infinitive phrase

36
Q

“To eat apples in the orchard” is this type of phrase

A

infinitive phrase

37
Q

“Under the bridge” is this type of phrase

A

prepositional phrase

38
Q

“Laughing to break the silence” and “Running quickly” are types of this phrase

A

participial phrase

39
Q

The incorrect use of a phrase that begins a sentence and does not connect to the subject is called (Putting on his fireman cap, the forest began to burn)

A

dangling participal

40
Q

Similar to an epithet, this phrase follows a noun and gives more information about it (Jack, THE BOLD THIEF, left with the gold).

A

appositive phrase

41
Q

This type of clause contains a subject+predicate to tell more about a noun/pronoun and begins with which, that, when, who, whose, whom (The strange words THAT WERE SCRIBBLED ON THE SCROLL were written by an elf)

A

adjective clause

42
Q

This type of clause has a subject+predicate and gives more info about a verb, adjective, or adverb. It tells time, place, cause, purpose, result, condition (The dragon roared, SO THAT HE MIGHT FRIGHTEN THE VILLAGERS or Achilles was angry, EVEN THOUGH HE WON THE RACE)

A

adverbial clause

43
Q

This type of clause has a subject+predicate and acts like a noun (WHOEVER FORECASTED RAIN was wrong or The Queen asked WHERE THE PRINCESS WAS)

A

noun clause

44
Q

The comma (,) has two main functions

A

To separate and to introduce

45
Q

The apostrophe (‘) has two main functions

A

To show contractions and to show belonging/posession

46
Q

The colon (:) has three main functions

A

To show that a list is coming, to show an explanation is coming, to introduce a business letter

47
Q

This punctuation shows surprise, excitement, anger, or fear

A

Exclamation point (!)

48
Q

Quotation marks (“ “) are used to

A

show who is speaking

49
Q

The semicolon (;) is used to join

A

independent clauses

50
Q

“Twenty-one” and “ex-president” are correct uses of this punctuation

A

hyphen (-)

51
Q

“I was humming the tune of ‘Dixie Land’ and it hit me–I couldn’t whistle to save my life” shows correct use of this punctuation

A

dash (–)

Can be used to replace parentheses as well

52
Q

This word, phrase, or clause is the topic of the sentence (THE DOOR flew open)

A

subject

53
Q

This word or groups of words shows what the subject is doing or its condition in a sentence (Jack IS CLIMBING UP THE BEANSTALK or Her eyes CLOSED)

A

predicate

54
Q

A compound subject is when

A

Two nouns are joined together as the subject (THE ELF and THE WIZARD are casting a spell)

55
Q

A compound predicate is when

A

Two actions/conditions are joined together as the predicate (Rapunzel LEANED OUT THE WINDOW and UNFURLED HER HAIR)

56
Q

“The elf ate THE PEAR” or “The wolf surprised HER” are examples of

A

direct object (answers what? or whom?)

57
Q

“The witch gave SNOW WHITE an apple” or “Jack’s mom sent HIM a card” are examples of

A

indirect object (answers for whom? or what?)

58
Q

This type of noun follows a linking verb and gives info about or identifies the subject (Macbeth is a TRAGEDY or The animal was a BEAR)

A

predicate noun

59
Q

This type of adjective follows a linking verb and give info about the subject (The tea was SWEET or Achilles seemed DISTRACTED)

A

predicate adjective

60
Q

“She loves dancing, singing, and riding” is a good example of this, while “Jack is fast, quick, running, and nimble” is not.

A

parallel structure

61
Q

Name a few examples of the 16 different sentence types listed in the book

A

generalization, summary, comparison, contrast, cause/effect, opinion, definition, procedure, problem/solution, simile, metaphor, hyperbole, law/principle, catalog of facts, assertion, transition

62
Q

This type of sentence makes a statement and tells about a noun. (Tory is my daughter)

A

declarative

63
Q

This type of sentence asks a question (Is that my son Jimmy?)

A

interrogative

64
Q

This type of sentence issues a command (Please clear the dinner table)

A

imperative

65
Q

This type of sentence communicates strong ideas or feelings (That was a great shot!)

A

exclamatory

66
Q

This type of sentence expresses wishes or contradictions contrary to fact (If you were to hang onto the basketball rim, then you could experience the glory of every NBA player)

A

conditional

67
Q

A simple sentence has

A

a single/compound subject and a single/compound predicate or features an independent clause with two phrases

68
Q

A compound sentence has

A

two independent clauses joined by semicolon or by a comma+coordinating conjunction

69
Q

A complex sentence has

A

one independent and one or more dependent clauses

70
Q

A compound/complex sentence has

A

two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses

71
Q

This incorrect sentence is an example of (Tory, Kelly, and I watched the movie, but she didn’t like it)

A

pronoun referent

72
Q

‘An airplane FLEW overhead’ is what type of verb?

A

Intransitive - doesn’t name a receiver of the action

73
Q

‘The secondary English student LEARNS teaching strategies from the master teacher’ is what type of verb?

A

Transitive - the verb connects to a receiver of the action and completes the meaning (subject-verb-direct object)

74
Q

‘It WAS rainy’ is what type of verb?

A

Linking/connecting verb

75
Q

‘She MUST HAVE passed the Praxis exam’ is what type of verb?

A

auxiliary/helping verb

PRAXIS English 0041/5041 (4 decks)

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