LITERARY GENRE Flashcards
Literature was oral; included epics, legends, folklore, salawikain, bugtong, and songs like Oyayi.
Pre-Spanish period
Centered on Christian faith, focused on saints, hymns, and Catholic Church teachings.
Works imitated Spanish themes and forms, including corrido, awit, and zarzuela.
Novenas, biographies, and novels dealt with religious matters.
Retention of native traditions seen in lyrical folksongs and riddles.
Notable figure: Francisco Baltazar with “Florante at Laura.”
spanish period
PROPAGANDA AND REVOLUTIONARY PERIOD
Exposure to Europe’s liberal idealism and events like the Spanish Revolution and martyrdom of Gomburza led to Filipino nationalism.
Two movements emerged: Propaganda and Revolutionary.
Propaganda movement sought reforms and was led by Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, and Graciano Lopez-Jaena.
Rizal’s novels, “Noli Me Tangere” and “El Filibusterismo,” exposed Spanish rule’s evils.
Del Pilar and Lopez-Jaena contributed to nationalist literature.
Revolutionary movement, led by Andres Bonifacio, aimed for complete independence from Spain.
Katipunan published propagandistic literature in “Kalayaan.”
21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
21st-century literature includes works from the 2000s.
Characterized by its adaptability to technology and dialogue with existing forms of culture.
Internet and platforms like WattPad provided opportunities for youth to express their thoughts.
Contemporary literature deals with technological culture, shared experiences, and questions conventions.
Characterized by gender sensitivity, technological references, cultural diversity, extreme reality or fiction, and challenging norms.
Signifies the advancement and diversification of Philippine literature.
50 % of the narrative is presented without words.
The reader must interpret the images in order to comprehend completely the story.
Textual portions are presented in traditional form.
Some illustrated novels may contain no text at all.
Span all genres
ILLUSTRATED NOVEL
Narrative work in which the story is conveyed to the reader using comic form.
The term is employed in a broad manner, encompassing non- fiction works and thematically linked short stories as well as fictional stories across a number of genres.
EXAMPLES: The Mythology Class (Nautilus comics) by Arnold Arre
GRAPHIC NOVEL
It is used in the English-speaking world as a generic term for all comic books and graphics novels originally published in Japan.
Considered as an artistic and storytelling style.
MANGA
Combines three media: book, movie/video, and internet website.
In order to get the full story, students must engage in navigation, reading, viewing, in all three formats.
Example: Skeleton Creek
DIGI-FICTION
sometimes used to refer to comics created by American artists in manga style.
Ameri-manga
Literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle writing and drawings, and handwritten graphics in place of traditional font.
Drawing enhance the story, often adding humorous elements that would be missing if the illustrations were omitted
Examples: Diary of a Whimpy Kid
doodle fiction
Blog, email, IM format narratives
Stories told almost completely in dialogue simulating social network exchanges
Example: Confession
TEXT-TALK NOVELS
or also known as Chick Lit
Is genre fiction which addresses issues of modern womanhood, often humorously and lightheartedly.
Chick lit has a bad reputation for being anti-feminist, trashy and unoriginal, but not all female-featured literature is a waste of time.
Chick it typically features a female protagonist whose womanhood is heavily thermalized in the plot
Examples: Devil Wears Prada or The Tall Story by Candy Gourlay
CHICK LITERATURE
Is a style of fictional literature of extreme brevity
There is no widely accepted definition of the length of the category. It could range from word to a thousand
FLASH FICTION/DAGLI
It is a story that can actually happen and is true to real life.
These stories resemble real life, and fictional characters within these stories react similarly to real people.
Stories that are classified as realistic fiction have plots that highlight social or personal events or issues that mirror contemporary life, such as falling in love, marriage, finding a job, divorce, alcoholism, etc
REALISTIC FICTION
is a genre in various media
It’s based on real historical events and set in a historical context.
Characters and their actions may not have existed historically.
The inclusion of such characters and actions serves the narrative.
Example: Authors might add historically accurate details (dialogue, food, clothing) even if specific records don’t exist.
HISTORICAL FICTION
is a condensed form of poetry where the poet conveys a complete thought, emotion, or story using only six words
challenges writers to be concise and impactful in their expression, often leading to powerful and thought-provoking verses
Despite their brevity, six-word poems can capture complex feelings and themes
SIX-WORD POETRY
- Lost key, found purpose, opened heart.
- Without you, I am barely me.
- After fighting, I need you more.
- I can no longer remember you.
- Only through dying can we live.
SIX-WORD POETRY
is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universe and extraterrestrial life.
Often explores the potential consequences of scientific and other innovations and has been called a “Literature of Ideas.”
SCIENCE FICTION
Narratives concerned not so much with science or technology as with human actions in response to a new situation created by science or technology, speculative fiction highlights a human rather than technological problem.
Dystopian, supernatural fiction, weird fiction, superhero fiction, apocalyptic/post-apocalyptic, fantastical fiction, sci-fi
Example: The Secret Origin of Spin-man by Andrew Drilon
SPECULATIVE FICTION
Also known as literary non-fiction or narrative nonfiction
A genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives.
Contrasts with other non-fiction, such as technical writing or journalism, which is also rooted in accurate fact, but is not primarily written in service to its craft.
As a genre, creative non-fiction is still relatively young, and is only beginning to be scrutinized with the same critical analysis given to fiction and poetry
Example: Sapay Koma by Jhoanna Lynn Cruz
CREATIVE NON-FICTION
A web log; a website containing short articles called posts that are changed regularly.
Same blogs are written by one person containing their own opinions, interests and experiences, while others are written by many different people.
(Many blogs can be found in blogspot.com and wordpress.com)
BLOG
A vlog is designed to share experiences, thoughts, and ideas with an audience.
It is a form of communication which is used to engage an audience in a personal fashion.
A video log. A journalistic video documentation on the web of a person’s life, thoughts, opinions, and interests
VLOG
Digital poetry that uses links using hypertext mark-up.
It can either involved set words, phrases, lines, etc. that are presented in variable order but sit on the page much as tradition poetry does, or it can contain parts of the poem that move and/or mutate.
It is usually found online, through CD-ROM and diskette versions exist
HYPER POETRY
Traditional: 7-7-7-7 syllabic verse
Rhyme scheme: AABB (same rhyme at the end of each line
TANAGA
Syllable count remains 7777.
Rhyme schemes can vary:
Dual rhyme forms: AABB, ABAB, ABBA
Freestyle forms: AAAB, BAAA, ABCD
MODERN TANAGA
Modern tanagas may include titles if desired.
T OR F
T
Tanagas traditionally have titles; the poem should convey its meaning.
T OR F
F, don’t have
Oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play and intonation and voice inflection.
It is a type of poem performed or read in artistic and emotive manner which can be accompanied by music or presented in the streets or bars, even café shops.
It is an oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play such as intonation and voice inflection
SPOKEN POETRY
CONTEMPORARY LITERATURE THEMES:
Identity, History, Memory, and Technology.
Inspiration from past writers to make sense of current times.
Exploration of future through technological developments.
IDENTITY THEME
Acknowledging multiple truths and human-filtered history
HISTORY AND MEMORY THEME
Integrating technology into daily life.
Exploring potential and anxieties surrounding technology.
Examining the impact of technology on human experiences
TECHNOLOGY THEME
Literature also covers traditional themes like love, sex, family, and religion.
Language and tone are more liberal and unfiltered to match the contemporary world.
DIVERSITY THEME
components of literary works.
LITERARY ELEMENTS
These include theme, characterization, conflict, plot and setting
LITERARY ELEMENTS
They include narrative styles, figures of speech, and plot mechanisms.
LITERARY DEVICES
the root of storytelling.
CHARACTER
Main character, central figure, the star of the story.
Receives the most focus and care from the narrative.
PROTAGONIST
not exactly in the spotlight, but pretty close to it
Similar to a comic book sidekick.
Often seen with the protagonist, providing advice and support.
Contributes warmth and heart to the story.
Expands the narrative beyond the hero’s journey to focus on relationships.
________ can be friends or arch-enemies.
Deuteragonists
appear briefly in the main character’s life.
They may only appear in one or two scenes throughout the book.
Well-rounded stories should include tertiary characters to reflect real-life interactions.
Realistic fiction incorporate characters that people encounter usually
TERTIARY CHARACTERS
Main character’s love interest often takes center stage in stories.
The confidant is a significant, albeit less explored, relationship in novels.
can be best friends, love interests, or mentors.
Protagonists confide thoughts and emotions in the confidant, even when reluctant with others.
CONFIDANT
they change over the course of the story.
changes can lead to improvement or decline, as seen in some villains.
DYNAMIC/CHANGING
represent larger themes/messages.
should be used sparingly and subtly.
True nature often understood only at the end of the story.
ROUND CHARACTER
refers to the time and place where the events take place.
can influence the mood, atmosphere, and tone of the story.
can also encompass historical, cultural, and social elements that impact the narrative. can signify transitions or developments in the story.
SETTINGS
A story might be set in a real-life, mappable place like a particular city, state, or country, or it might be set in an imaginary world
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
A character’s immediate surroundings, like a room or a temple, can be important information to highlight.
PHYSICAL LOCATION
A story can be set in the natural world where characters are affected by weather conditions, climate, and other forces of nature
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT
In literature, ______ can be a historical period but it can also be a season, a time of day, or time of year.
time period
NARRATIVES
Chosen perspective for storytelling.
Reflects author’s communication style.
Each character brings a unique viewpoint.
Prejudices, limitations, knowledge, and flaws affect their perspective.
Style of presenting characters.
Determines the narrative’s voice and viewpoint.
3 TYPES OF POINT OF VIEW
First Person Point of View
Second Person Point of View
Third Person Point of View
are familiar figures in stories (e.g., the chosen one, the joker, the mentor).
STOCK CHARACTERS
background information of th eplot that inclues characters ans settigns
exposition
the first incident occurs in the plot
intial incident
suspense or tension to the plot
rising action
the most suspensfulpart of the plot
climax
unraveling the conflict between the bida and anta
falling action
the conflict is resolved
resolution
typing up the losose ends
denouement
a literary device characterized by a struggle between two opposing forces.
it provides crucial tension in any story and is used to drive the narrative forward
It is often used to reveal a deeper meaning in a narrative while highlighting characters’ motivations, values, and weaknesses
CONFLICT
pits the character against some exterior force or world-view and happens outside the character’s body
- Person vs Person
- Person vs Nature
- Person vs Nature
- Person vs Technology
- Person vs Supernatural
EXTERNAL CONFLICT
Anything that happens inside the character’s mind or heart. When your main character has an inner turmoil that’s causing some emotional pain, it increases the tension of the story
- Person vs Self
- Person vs Destiny (Fate/Luck/God)
INTERNAL CONFLICT
is simply the sum of what the creator was trying to communicate with their work
describes the central idea(s) that a piece of writing explores
a theme is an idea plus an opinion: it is the author’s specific views regarding the central ideas of the work.
THEME
expresses the narrator or author’s emotions, attitude, tone and point of view through artful, well thought out use of word choice and diction
may be formal or informal; serious or lighthearted; positive or negative; persuasive or argumentative; comical or depressed; witty or straightforward; objective or subjective
VOICE
