GEOGRAPHIC, LINGUISTIC, AND ETHNIC DIMENSIONS OF THE PHILIPPINE LITERARY HISTORY FROM PRE-COLONIAL TO CONTEMPORARY Flashcards
of or relating to a community. Public communal baths are common in Japan.
communal
beings exalted or revered as supremely
good or powerful. Ancient civilizations worshipped various deities.
deities
a long narrative poem in elevated style recounting the deeds of a legendary or historical hero. The epic of Lam-ang is a well-known Filipino classic.
epic
an often unfair or untrue belief that many people have about all people or things with a particular characteristic. Minorities are often subject to stereotyping by the dominant classes.
stereotyping
the act or process by which something is spread or passed from one person or thing to another. The government is scrambling to stop the widespread transmission of diseases that should have been eradicated already.
transmission
people from whom a person descended from. Certain cultures look to their ancestors for blessings and guidance.
ancestors
to be very successful; to do very well. Our aim is to develop the grit needed to flourish even under pressure.
flourish
unable to be explained by science or the laws of nature. The science professor is not inclined to believe in supernatural phenomena.
supernatural
a story told in an ancient culture to explain a practice, belief, or natural occurrence. One local TV show was adapted from a popular Norse myth.
myth
- a story from the past that is believed by many people but cannot be proven to be true. Most aspects of the story of King Arthur have passed on into legend.
legend
WHAT HAPPEN TO OUR PHILIPPINE PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE?
Most literary works during the pre-colonial period were transmitted through oral tradition.
In some cases, our ancestors made use of a writing system to pen down some works of literature.
Early literary written forms of pre-colonial Filipinos were destroyed by the Spanish friars .
Surviving texts were restored because of resistance and geographical isolation.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT QUALITIES OF PHILIPPINE PRE-COLONIAL LITERATURE?
Common experiences of the community as subject matter
Communal authorship
Formulaic repetitions
Stereotyping of characters
Regular rhythmic and musical devices
- a literary scholar notable for his studies on Philippine folk literature, divided Philippine precolonial literature into three, namely the Mythological Age, Heroic Age, and Folktales from all ages.
E. ARSENIO MANUEL
- The period when our ancestors told stories about the creation of human beings and the world, natural phenomena, and deities and spirits
mythological age
- Ordinary mortals and cultural heroes became the chief subject matter in this period .
- Epics became a popular genre.
- Epics are chanted during important events in the community to inspire people.
- Epics are also performed to remind the community of their ideals and values.
heroic age
- These are traditional stories that had humans, animals, and even plants as characters.
- These are fictional tales that have been modified through successive retellings before they were finally recorded and written down.
folktales
derived from Kawi, a Javanese (Indonesian) script
baybaying writing system
- The ancient Tagalog script had s_________ basic syllables composed of three vowels and fourteen consonants.
- Vowels: a, e/i, o/u
- Consonants: ba, ka, da/ra, ga, ha, la, ma, na, nga, pa, sa, ta, wa, ya
seventeen
These are stories that make use of gods, goddesses, and other fantastical creatures as characters.
It is the means for our ancestors to explain the occurrence of natural events, the beginning of cultural traditions, and the existence of mysteries.
myths
may also attempt to explain the origin of the world and of the people
myths
It is believed to be historical but cannot be verified as true.
It is often about famous persons or events.
It may tell of an encounter with marvelous creatures, which the folks still believe in: fairies, ghosts, water spirits, the devil, and the like.
legends
These are prose narratives usually told to amuse or entertain.
It is instructional in nature.
It deals with events set in an indefinite time and space.
folktales
CHARACTERISTIC OF EPIC
The main character or protagonist is considered a hero.
The hero’s actions are presented without bias; the epic presents both the character’s faults and virtues.
It often involve battles, which reveal the extraordinary strength of the protagonist as he engages in acts of bravery
The setting may span several countries, involve the whole world, or even be set in the universe
Gods and other divine beings are portrayed as having a role in the outcome of events
It may be about love and courtship, a long day’s work, or may be songs sung at a funeral. It is repetitive, sonorous, and has a playful melody.
folksongs
These are short sayings enveloped in rhymed verse.
It is meant to give advice to the young, offering words of wisdom or stating how one should live.
PROVERBS (SALIWAKAIN)
These are perplexing questions meant to be guessed or solved.
It is used for entertainment.
It requires one to observe, analyze, and imagine to provide the right answer.
riddles (Bugtong)
OVERVIEW OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SPANIARDS ON PHILIPPINE LITERATURE
Alibata, the first Filipino alphabet, was replaced by the Roman alphabet
Introduced Spanish as the medium of communication
Spanish became the language of Philippine literature
The teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of religious practices
Religious themes dominated the culture of the Christianize majority; but the native oral literature, whether secular or mythic-religious, continued (Spanish Colonia, 2017)
Spaniards brought European legends and traditions and were assimilated in our songs, corridos, and moro-moros.
Works of ancient literature were collected and translated to Tagalog and other dialects.
subjects revolved around life and death of Jesus Christ
- Non-secular (Religious Literature
- subjects revolved around tales of valiance and adventure
- Secular (Non-religious literature)
FORMS OF NON-SECULAR LITERATURE (Religious Literature)
, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. In stanzas of five lines of eight syllables each, the standard elements of epic poetry are interwoven with a colorful, dramatic theme.
- The entirety of the text is chanted during the Lenten season and particularly Holy Week, and is a popular Filipino Catholic devotion.
Pasyon