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lit vocab 6 Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

insidious

A

proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with very harmful effects
e.g. sexual harassment is a serious and insidious problem.

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2
Q

preclude

A

prevent from happening; make impossible

e.g. the secret nature of his work precluded official recognition.

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3
Q

onerous

A

involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty e.g. onerous duties

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4
Q

visceral

A

relating to deep feelings rather then intellect;
intuitive, felt deeply in the guts
e.g. a visceral performance
e.g. a visceral hatred towards egg salad

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5
Q

murky

A
  1. dark and gloomy, especially due to thick mist
  2. (of liquid) dark and dirty; not clear
  3. obscure or morally questionable e.g. a government minister with a murky past.
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6
Q

imbibe

A

fancy word for drink

2. absorb or assimilate e.g. imbibe culture

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7
Q

fortitude

A

strength and courage in pain or adversity e.g. she endured her illness with great fortitude.

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8
Q

induce

A
  1. give rise to

2. succeed in persuading someone or leading them to do something e.g. she induced the workers to do shifts

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9
Q

wherein

A

in which

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10
Q

prevent from happening; make impossible

A

preclude

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11
Q

proceeding in a gradual, subtle way, but with very harmful effects

A

insidious

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12
Q

relating to deep feelings rather then intellect;

intuitive, felt deeply in the guts

A

visceral

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13
Q

involving a great deal of effort, trouble, or difficulty

A

onerous

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14
Q
  1. dark and gloomy, especially due to thick mist
  2. (of liquid) dark and dirty; not clear
  3. obscure or morally questionable
A

murky

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15
Q
  1. a fancy word for drink

2. absorb or assimilate

A

imbibe

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16
Q

strength and courage in pain or adversity

A

fortitude

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17
Q
  1. give rise to

2. succeed in persuading someone or leading them to do something

A

induce

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18
Q

in which

A

wherein

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19
Q

merit

v. / n.

A
  1. the quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward
  2. to deserve or be worthy of something e.g. this merits and investigation
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20
Q

hoar

A

greyish white with age

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21
Q

subdue

A
  1. overcome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person) e.g. she managed to subdue an instinct to applaud.
  2. bring under control or force
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22
Q

quiver

A

(of people or objects) tremble or shake with a slight rapid motion e.g. the branches stopped quivering

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23
Q

perish

A

die in a sudden or violent way

fall into a complete ruin or destruction

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24
Q

greyish white with age

A

hoar

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25
Q
  1. overcome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person)
  2. bring under control or force
A

subdue

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26
Q
  1. the quality of being particularly good or worthy, especially so as to deserve praise or reward
  2. to deserve or be worthy of something
A

merit

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27
Q

tremble or shake with a slight rapid motion

A

quiver

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28
Q

die in a sudden or violent way

fall into a complete ruin or destruction

A

perish

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29
Q

rudimentary

A
  1. limited to basic principles e.g. he received a rudimentary education.
  2. relating to an immature, undeveloped, or basic form e.g. a rudimentary stage of evolution.
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30
Q

heed

v. / n.

A

pay attention, take notice of

e.g. take heed of my suggestions

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31
Q

haughty

A

arrogantly superior and disdainful

disdainful = thinking someone is unworthy of consideration or respect

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32
Q

rufous

A

reddish brown

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33
Q

perjure

A

wilfully tell untruth or misinterpretation under oath (under oath = having sworn to tell the truth) e.g. in the court.
= commit perjury

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34
Q

perfidious

A

deceitful and untrustworthy (noun = perfidy)

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35
Q
  1. limited to basic principles

2. relating to an immature, undeveloped, or basic form

A

rudimentary

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36
Q

spurn

A

reject with disdain or contempt

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37
Q

pay attention, take notice of

A

heed

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38
Q

reddish brown

A

rufous

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39
Q

deceitful and untrustworthy

A

perfidious

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40
Q

arrogantly superior and disdainful

A

haughty

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41
Q

wilfully tell untruth or misinterpretation under oath (under oath = having sworn to tell the truth) e.g. in the court.

A

perjure

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42
Q

reject with disdain or contempt

A

spurn

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43
Q

pallor

A

an unhealthy, sickly pale appearance e.g. the deathlike pallor of their face.

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44
Q

sibilant

A

characterized by a hissing sound e.g. his sibilant whisper.

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45
Q

reprieve

v. / n.

A
  1. to cancel or postpone punishment (especially death sentence) or undesirable event
    e. g. the prisoners were reprieved
  2. also relieve temporarily

the noun has the same meaning as the verb

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46
Q

come through

A
  1. succeed in surviving or dealing with e.g. a ordeal, a surgery or even life itself - as Anne Lamott said: “You will come through.”
  2. (of a message) be sent and received.
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47
Q

penitence

A

sorrow and regret for having done wrong;
repentance (from repent)
adj. = penitent

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48
Q

cursory

A

hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed e.g. a glance or a hug

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49
Q

ransom

A
  1. a sum of money demanded or paid for the release of a captive e.g. the kidnappers demanded a ransom.
  2. verb - release a captive upon obtaining a ransom
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50
Q

brimful

A

full capacity or filled to the point of overflowing e.g. a jug brimful of custard.

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51
Q

relish

v. / n

A

great enjoyment

enjoy greatly

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52
Q

brawny

A

physically strong; bulky, muscular e.g they are more brawny than brainy

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53
Q

sorrow and regret for having done wrong;

repentance (from repent)

A

penitence

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54
Q

hasty and therefore not thorough or detailed

A

cursory

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55
Q
  1. succeed in surviving or dealing with e.g. a ordeal, a surgery or even life itself
  2. (of a message) be sent and received.
A

come through

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56
Q

characterized by a hissing sound

A

sibilant

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57
Q
  1. a sum of money demanded or paid for the release of a captive
  2. verb - release a captive
A

ransom

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58
Q

full capacity or filled to the point of overflowing

A

brimful

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59
Q
  1. to cancel or postpone punishment (especially death sentence) or undesirable event
  2. relieve temporarily
A

reprieve

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60
Q

an unhealthy, sickly pale appearance

A

pallor

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61
Q

reprehend

A

reprimand = a formal expression of disapproval

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62
Q

offhand

A
  1. ungraciously or offensively nonchalant or cool in manner e.g. you were a bit offhand with her this afternoon.
  2. with little preparation or forethought; careless, brusque, inconsiderate
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63
Q

plutocrat

A

a person whose power derives from their wealth.

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64
Q

toil

v. / noun

A

verb:
1. work extremely hard or incessantly e.g. Sarah toiled to build their company.
2. [with adverb of direction] move slowly and with difficulty
noun:
exhausting physical labour

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65
Q

slate

A

bridlica

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66
Q

impoverish

A

make poor

exhaust strength or vitality of e.g. the soil was impoverished

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67
Q

ply

v. / n.

A
  1. work steadily
  2. travel a route e.g. ferries ply the river
  3. provide someone with food incessantly e.g. grandma plied me with scones
  4. direct numerous questions at someone
  5. noun - layer of something
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68
Q

envisage

A

imagine something that does not yet exist

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69
Q

exertion

A

effort, force or influence

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70
Q

a formal expression of disapproval

reprimand synonym

A

reprehend

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71
Q
  1. ungraciously or offensively nonchalant or cool in manner

2. with little preparation or forethought; careless, brusque, inconsiderate

A

offhand

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72
Q

bridlica

A

slate

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73
Q

make poor

exhaust strength or vitality of

A

impoverish

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74
Q

a person whose power derives from their wealth.

A

plutocrat

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75
Q
  1. work steadily
  2. travel a route
  3. provide someone with food incessantly
  4. direct numerous questions at someone
  5. noun - layer of something
A

ply

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76
Q 
verb:
1. work extremely hard or incessantly 
2. [with adverb of direction] move slowly and with difficulty 
noun:
exhausting physical labour
A

toil

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77
Q

imagine something that does not yet exist

A

envisage

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78
Q

effort, force or influence

A

exertion

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79
Q

glean

A
  1. obtain (information) from various sources, often with difficulty e.g. the information is gleaned from press cuttings.
  2. collect gradually, bit by bit
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80
Q

pall

noun / verb

A
  1. covered in gloom or fear e.g. a pall of terror
  2. cloud of dark smoke or dust
  3. become less interesting through familiarity
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81
Q

insipid

A

lacking flavour, weak, tasteless e.g. insipid art or poetry cards

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82
Q

substantiate

A

provide evidence for

prove the truth e.g. they had found nothing to substantiate the allegations

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83
Q

hearsay

A

rumour, gossip or info that can’t be substantiated

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84
Q

stroll

A

walk in a leisurely way

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85
Q

swivel

A

a device that allows something to turn freely e.g. desk chairs are often designed so the seat can swivel atop the base. in the hospital, the TV is usually mounted on a swivel so that the nurses can adjust its facing.

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86
Q

stranded

A

stuck somewhere

without ability to move from somewhere

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87
Q

abscond

A

leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to escape from custody or avoid arrest e.g. the barman absconded with a week’s takings

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88
Q

verbatim

adverb

A

in exactly the same words as were used originally e.g. subjects were instructed to recall the passage verbatim

89
Q
  1. something covered in gloom or fear
  2. cloud of dark smoke or dust
  3. become less interesting through familiarity
A

pall

90
Q

lacking flavour, weak, tasteless

A

insipid

91
Q

rumour, gossip or info that can’t be substantiated

A

hearsay

92
Q

leave hurriedly and secretly, typically to escape from custody or avoid arrest

A

abscond

93
Q

provide evidence for

prove the truth

A

substantiate

94
Q
  1. obtain (information) from various sources, often with difficulty
  2. collect gradually, bit by bit
A

glean

95
Q

walk in a leisurely way

A

stroll

96
Q

stuck somewhere

without ability to move from somewhere

A

stranded

97
Q

in exactly the same words as were used originally

A

verbatim

98
Q

a device that allows something to turn freely

A

swivel

99
Q

adorn

A

make more beautiful or attractive

100
Q

winch

A

/Users/filiphausleitner/Desktop/Screen Shot 2015-03-16 at 15.56.30.png

101
Q

fret

A
  1. be constantly or visibly anxious
  2. with object = to make anxious
  3. fray
102
Q

eyrie

[é-rie]

A

a large nest of an eagle or other bird of prey, built high in a tree or on a cliff.

103
Q

refectory

A

a room used for communal meals in an educational or religious institution.

104
Q

refractory

A
  1. stubborn or unmanageable e.g. his refractory pony.

2. resistant to a process or stimulus e.g. to treatment, to infection or to heat (materials that don’t melt)

105
Q

shun

A

persistently avoid, ignore, or reject (someone or something) through antipathy or caution
purposefully stay away from

106
Q

quiescent

[quee-escent]

A

in a state or period of inactivity or dormancy

quiet and still

107
Q

unabashed

A

not embarrassed, disconcerted, or ashamed
abashed - opposite
abash - make someone feel disconcerted

108
Q

inadvertent

A

by accident, unplanned, unintentionally happening

109
Q

billow

A
  1. of smoke or steam - flow outward wavily

2. of fabric - fill with air and swell e.g. her dress billowed in the wind; a billowing skirt

110
Q

impel

A

drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something e.g. financial difficulties impelled him to desperate measures

111
Q

in a state or period of inactivity or dormancy

quiet and still

A

quiescent

[quee-escent]

112
Q
  1. of smoke or steam - flow outward wavily

2. of fabric - fill with air and swell

A

billow

113
Q

a room used for communal meals in an educational or religious institution.

A

refectory

114
Q

persistently avoid, ignore, or reject (someone or something) through antipathy or caution
purposefully stay away from

A

shun

115
Q
  1. stubborn or unmanageable

2. resistant to a process or stimulus e.g. to treatment, to infection or to heat (materials that don’t melt)

A

refractory

116
Q

a large nest of an eagle or other bird of prey, built high in a tree or on a cliff.

A

eyrie

[é-rie]

117
Q

eerie

[í-rie]

A

spooky, creepy, supernatural, ghostly

118
Q

by accident, unplanned, unintentionally happening

adj.

A

inadvertent

119
Q

drive, force, or urge (someone) to do something

A

impel

120
Q
  1. be constantly or visibly anxious
  2. with object = to make anxious
  3. fray
A

fret

121
Q

the thing that lifts e.g. in a well

A

winch

122
Q

make more beautiful or attractive

A

adorn

123
Q

not embarrassed, disconcerted, or ashamed

A

unabashed

124
Q

equanimity

equanimous

A

calmness and composure, especially in a difficult situation

125
Q

ruse

A

an action intended to deceive someone; a trick: Emma tried to think of a ruse to get Paul out of the house.

126
Q

haphazard

A

lacking any obvious principle of organization: the music business works in a haphazard fashion.

127
Q

callous

A
  1. having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others e.g. his callous comments about the murder made me shiver.
  2. emotionally hardened
128
Q

swindle

A

to cheat or steal in a deceptive way, as Granny Weatherwax says: “Another time they’ll think twice before trying to swindle people out of of a slice of bread that’s theirs by rights!”

129
Q

complacent

A

showing sly, smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself when it is unjustified - often used with people who are unwilling to be political e.g. people unwilling to protest corruption because it doesn’t touch them.
another example: Oh? No one asked you to the prom? I’ve been asked three times,” she said with smiling complacency.

130
Q

abseil (or rappel)

[ab-saa-il]

A

[mountaineering] descend a rock with a rope fixed higher

131
Q

belay

A

secure or hold the end of a climbing rope so that the climber won’t fall far if they slip

132
Q

rigging

A

all the chains or ropes supporting a ship’s mast or anything else

133
Q

dereliction

A
  1. the state of being abandoned and dilapidated

2. [of duty] the shameful failure to fulfil one’s obligations

134
Q

rapt

A
  1. completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing or hearing
  2. filled with an intense and pleasurable emotion (enraptured)
135
Q

doleful

A

expressing sorrow; mournful, full of woe e.g. a doleful look.

136
Q

a throng

A

a large, densely packed crowd of people or animals

137
Q

calmness and composure, especially in a difficult situation

A

equanimity

138
Q

[mountaineering] descend a rock with a rope fixed higher

A

abseil (or rappel)

[ab-saa-il]

139
Q

to cheat or steal in a deceptive way

A

swindle

140
Q
  1. having an insensitive and cruel disregard for others

2. emotionally hardened

A

callous

141
Q

lacking any obvious principle of organisation

A

haphazard

142
Q

an action intended to deceive someone; a trick

A

ruse

143
Q

showing sly, smug or uncritical satisfaction with oneself when it is unjustified - often used with people who are unwilling to be political

A

complacent

144
Q

all the chains or ropes supporting a ship’s mast or anything else

A

rigging

145
Q

secure or hold the end of a climbing rope so that the climber won’t fall far if they slip

A

belay

146
Q
  1. completely fascinated or absorbed by what one is seeing or hearing
  2. filled with an intense and pleasurable emotion
A

rapt

147
Q
  1. the state of being abandoned and dilapidated

2. [of duty] the shameful failure to fulfil one’s obligations

A

dereliction

148
Q

expressing sorrow; mournful, full of woe

A

doleful

149
Q

a large, densely packed crowd of people or animals

A

throng

150
Q

restive

A
  1. impatient, on the edge or ready to explode because the skin is too tight
  2. unable to remain still, silent, or submissive, especially because of boredom or dissatisfaction e.g. the crowd had been waiting for hours and many were becoming restive.
  3. it’s the need for change and movement that makes someone restive or eager to move, frustrated at being stuck in one place e.g. restive areas where people are oppressed
151
Q

thrall

A

[in thrall to] someone = under the control

archaic: a slave, captive or a servant

152
Q

booze

A
  1. an alcoholic drink

2. to drink alchohol, especially in large quantities

153
Q

vagrant

A

a person without a settled home or regular work who wanders from place to place and lives by begging

154
Q

discretion

A
  1. the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information
  2. the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation e.g. local authorities should use their discretion in setting the charges
155
Q

malaise

A

a general feeling of discomfort, illness, or unease whose exact cause is difficult to identify e.g. a cultural malaise

156
Q
  1. impatient, on the edge or ready to explode because the skin is too tight
  2. unable to remain still, silent, or submissive, especially because of boredom or dissatisfaction
  3. it’s the need for change and movement that makes someone restive or eager to move, frustrated at being stuck in one place
A

restive

157
Q

a person without a settled home or regular work who wanders from place to place and lives by begging

A

vagrant

158
Q
  1. an alcoholic drink

2. to drink alchohol, especially in large quantities

A

booze

159
Q

[in _____ to] someone = under the control

archaic: a slave, captive or a servant

A

thrall

160
Q
  1. the quality of behaving or speaking in such a way as to avoid causing offence or revealing confidential information
  2. the freedom to decide what should be done in a particular situation e.g. schools
A

discretion

161
Q

queasy

A
  1. nauseous; feeling sick e.g. pale and queasy before vomiting
  2. slightly nervous or worried e.g. before giving speech
162
Q

enthuse

A
  1. express eager enjoyment, interest, or approval regarding something e.g. they both enthused over my new look.
  2. cause to feel enthusiasm
163
Q

impend

A
  1. be about to happen

2. (archaic) be looming e.g. the melancholy fate impended over him.

164
Q

clement

A
  1. (of weather) mild

2. (of a person) merciful

165
Q

inexorable

A
  1. impossible to stop

2. (of a person) stubborn, unrelenting (not yielding)

166
Q

gaff

A

a stick with hook, barbed spear for handling or pulling the fish

167
Q

sultry

A
  1. (of air) hot and humid, sweltering

2. sexually exciting

168
Q

impeccable

A

in accordance with the highest standards; faultless, flawless e.g. impeccable manners.

169
Q

demeaning

A

lowering persons reputation, respect or dignity

170
Q

petrify

A

turn into stone (also metaphorically because of e.g. fear)

171
Q

putrefy

A

decay, rot, produce fetid smell

172
Q
  1. be about to happen

2. (archaic) be looming

A

impend

173
Q
  1. (of air) hot and humid, sweltering

2. sexually exciting

A

sultry

174
Q
  1. express eager enjoyment, interest, or approval regarding something
  2. cause to feel enthusiasm
A

enthuse

175
Q

a stick with hook, barbed spear for handling or pulling the fish

A

gaff

176
Q
  1. nauseous; feeling sick

2. slightly nervous or worried e.g. before giving speech

A

queasy

177
Q
  1. (of weather) mild

2. (of a person) merciful

A

clement

178
Q

in accordance with the highest standards; faultless, flawless

A

impeccable

179
Q

lowering persons reputation, respect or dignity

A

demeaning

180
Q

turn into stone (also metaphorically because of e.g. fear)

A

petrify

181
Q

decay, rot, produce fetid smell

A

putrefy

182
Q
  1. impossible to stop

2. (of a person) stubborn, unrelenting (not yielding)

A

inexorable

183
Q

fester

A
  1. become septic (infested with bacteria)
  2. decay, rot and smell e.g. food
  3. become worse progressively through neglect
  4. deteriorate physically and mentally in isolated inactivity
184
Q

iridescent

A

showing luminous colours that seem to change when seen from different angles e.g. the drake’s head has an iridescent purple sheen.

185
Q

convulse

A

have spasms, uncontrollable sudden movements

186
Q

scruples

A

what keeps you from doing things you consider to be morally or ethically wrong

e. g. your scruples won’t allow you to cheat on a test
e. g. I had no scruples about eavesdropping

187
Q

tumbril

A

a farm dumpcart for carrying dung; carts of this type were used to carry prisoners to the guillotine during the French Revolution

188
Q

sward

[swo-rd]

A

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

189
Q

showing luminous colours that seem to change when seen from different angles

A

iridescent

190
Q

faculty

A
  1. an inherent mental or physical power e.g. her critical faculties OR the faculty of sight.
  2. at university
191
Q
  1. become septic (infested with bacteria)
  2. decay, rot and smell e.g. food
  3. become worse progressively through neglect
  4. deteriorate physically and mentally in isolated inactivity
A

fester

192
Q

volition

A

act of choosing, using will

193
Q

have spasms, uncontrollable sudden movements

A

convulse

194
Q

attest

A

to prove, declare to be true

provide or serve as a clear evidence

195
Q

surface layer of ground containing a mat of grass and grass roots

A

sward

[swo-rd]

196
Q

flay

A
  1. to peel the skin of a carcass - oskalpovať
    whip so harshly so as to remove skin
  2. critisize brutally
197
Q

hitherto

A

until now or until the point in time under discussion

e.g. hitherto part of French West Africa, Benin achieved independence in 1960.

198
Q

rapport

[ra-pó-r]

A

a close and harmonious relationship in which the groups concerned understand each other’s feelings or ideas and communicate well

e. g. she was able to establish a good rapport with the children
e. g. an instant rapport with animals

199
Q

cairn

[keirn]

A

a mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path typically on a hilltop

200
Q

tow

A

drag behind e.g. a child towing behind on a walk
a vehicle pulling another vehicle with a rope
(be in tow with)

201
Q

to prove, declare to be true

provide or serve as a clear evidence

A

attest

202
Q

an inherent mental or physical power

A

faculty

203
Q

what keeps you from doing things you consider to be morally or ethically wrong

A

scruples

204
Q

emergent

A

in the process of coming into being or becoming prominent e.g. the emergent democracies of eastern Europe.

205
Q

until now or until the point in time under discussion

A

hitherto

206
Q

act of choosing, using will

A

volition

207
Q
  1. to peel the skin of a carcass - oskalpovať
    whip so harshly so as to remove skin
  2. critisize brutally
A

flay

208
Q

a mound of stones piled up as a memorial or to mark a boundary or path typically on a hilltop

A

cairn

[keirn]

209
Q

a close and harmonious relationship in which the groups concerned understand each other’s feelings or ideas and communicate well

A

rapport

[ra-pó-r]

210
Q

a farm dumpcart for carrying dung; carts of this type were used to carry prisoners to the guillotine during the French Revolution

A

tumbril

211
Q

in the process of coming into being or becoming prominent

A

emergent

212
Q

paucity

A

the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities or amounts e.g. a paucity of information.

213
Q

aptitude

A
  1. a natural ability to do something e.g. children with an aptitude for dancing
  2. a natural tendency e.g. their aptitude for deceit.
214
Q

irreverent

A

showing a lack of respect for people or things that are generally taken seriously - doesn’t necessarily mean you don’t like something; it’s just that you don’t display the same honor for it that other people do.
e.g. when people at the Louvre are standing in hushed awe in front of the “Mona Lisa” it would be irreverent to holler “What’s so great about that?”

215
Q

aberration

A

a departure from what is normal, usual, or expected, typically an unwelcome one: they described the outbreak of violence in the area as an aberration.

216
Q

blithe

A

showing a casual and cheerful indifference considered to be callous or improper e.g. just another symbol of patriarchy that we continue blithely and needlessly to perpetuate.
- used to mean happy and carefree

217
Q

substantive

A

having a firm basis in reality and so important, meaningful, or considerable e.g. it would be helpful to hear a substantive comment.

218
Q

bowdlerise

A

edit by ommiting or modifying parts considered indelicate

e.g. it is a pity the lyrics have been bowdlerised

English (13 decks)

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