List: 4

Question 1

Antecedent

Answer 1

a noun or pronoun to which another noun refers

Example- Sam went to his locker. Sam is the antecedent of “his”

Question 2

Clause

Answer 2

a group of words containing a subject and a predicate

Example- Courtney rolled her eyes. OR people ate

Question 3

Independent Clause

Answer 3

contains a subject and predicate, can stand alone, expresses a complete thought
Example- Courtney rolled her eyes at Amita.

Question 4

Dependent Clause

Answer 4

A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does not express a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot be a sentence. Often a dependent clause is marked by a dependent marker word such as (while, when)
Example- While I was at the store….this sentence needs to contain a verb or predicate.

Question 5

Subordinate Clause

Answer 5

much like a dependent clause but begins with a subordinate conjunction (where, while, though….)
Example- While at the store, Celeste went crazy. (While at the store is the subordinate clause)

Question 6

Predicate

Answer 6

contains the action of a sentence, tells the reader something about the subject
Example- Sean and Josh ate the apple together. Ate the apple together is the predicate.

Question 7

Predicate Adjectives

Answer 7

modifies the subject of the sentence.
Example- In the sentence “The flowers are blue,” the subject is “the flowers.” In this example, “blue” is what modifies the subject, “the flowers,” and is connected to the subject by what is known as a linking verb.

Question 8

Pronoun

Answer 8

replaces a noun (he, she, they, it) Should NOT be overused in writing.
Example-Riley runs every day, he even ran with the bears last week.

Question 9

Adverb

Answer 9

modifies a verb or adjective
Example- The ball was very heavy. (very is the adverb modifying the adjective heavy)
The boy ran quickly to class. (quickly is the adverb modifying ran)

Question 10

Direct Object

Answer 10

follows a transitive verb- they receive the action of the verb
Example- Rachel Smith hit Kammie Sumpter really hard. It was the first fight of the year. (Kammie Sumpter is the DO because she is being hit- she’s receiving the action in the sentence.)

Question 11

Appositive

Answer 11

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words.
Example-The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.

Question 12

Gerund

Answer 12

A gerund is a verbal that ends in -ing and functions as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since a gerund functions as a noun, it occupies some positions in a sentence that a noun ordinarily would
Example- Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences. (Traveling is the gerund.)

Question 13

Comparative

Answer 13

the comparative is the form of an adjective or adverb which denotes the degree or grade by which a person, thing, or other entity has a property or quality greater or less in extent than that of another, and is used in this context with a subordinating conjunction
Example- AP Language is much easier than AP Chemistry.

Question 14

Superlative

Answer 14

grammatical comparison that denotes an extreme or unsurpassed level (often end in ….est)
Example- Ms. Widdop has the smallest head in the world.

Question 15

Articles

Answer 15

a, an, the

Question 16

Modifier

Answer 16

Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that provide description in sentences. Modifiers allow writers to take the picture that they have in their heads and transfer it accurately to the heads of their readers. Essentially, modifiers breathe life into sentences.

Question 17

Coordinating Conjunction

Answer 17

connect words phrases or clauses FANBOYS

Examples- I went to the bathroom and I left with toilet paper on my shoe.

Question 18

Subordinating Conjunction

Answer 18

The subordinate conjunction has two jobs. First, it provides a necessary transition between the two ideas in the sentence, second it reduces the importance of one clause to another.
Examples- Because Celeste didn’t want to smile, she became depressed

Question 19

Helping Verb

Answer 19

Just as the name implies, helping verbs, sometimes called auxiliary verbs, help out the main verb in a sentence. They accomplish this by giving more detail to how time is portrayed in a sentence.
Example- Said Amita to no one, “He is so hot but I’m over him.”

Question 20

Infinitive Phrase

Answer 20

begin with to, can function as nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Example- I went to finish my sandwich and realized Sam ate it.

Question 21

Prepositional Phrase

Answer 21

states the location of the object in a sentence (between, beneath, over, under….)
Example-Sharif did not understand why no one wanted to sit beside him

Question 22

Proper Noun

Answer 22

specific person, place thing or idea

Example- Drew plays football for Camas High School.

Question 23

Dangling Modifier

Answer 23

A dangling modifier is a word or phrase that modifies a word not clearly stated in the sentence. A modifier describes, clarifies, or gives more detail about a concept.
Example- Since Lindsey ate all the pickles, she finished her homework

Question 24

Absolute adjectives

Answer 24

an adjective that functions as a noun

Example- The poor do not have food.

Question 25

Comma splices

Answer 25

two independent clauses connected only by a comma. BAD= run on sentence.
Example- My freshmen always use two independent clauses together, it drives me crazy.

Question 26

Participles / participial phrases

Answer 26

A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective and most often ends in -ing or -ed. The term verbal indicates that a participle, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. However, since they function as adjectives, participles modify nouns or pronouns. There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. Present participles end in -ing. Past participles end in -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, or -ne as in the words asked, eaten, saved, dealt, seen, and gone
Example- The crying baby hurt my ears.

Question 27

correlative conjunction

Answer 27

A paired conjunction (such as not only . . . but also) that links balanced words, phrases, and clauses. The elements connected by correlative conjunctions are usually parallel–that is, similar in length and grammatical form.
Example- both, either, nor, not only…..