Liquid Dosage Forms

Question 1

liquid preparations that contain one or more chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents

Answer 1

solutions

Question 2

methods of preparing solution

Answer 2

a. simple solution
b. solution by extraction
c. solution by chemical reaction

Question 3

6 types of water in USP

Answer 3

purified water, USP
water for injection, USP
sterile water for injection, USP
bacteriostatic water for injection, USP
sterile water for inhalation, USP
sterile water for irrigation, USP

Question 4

Obtained by distillation, ion exchange treatment, reverse osmosis, or other suitable process
When evaporated to dryness, it must not yield more than 0.001% of residue (1mg of solids per 100 mL of water)
Used for extemporaneous compounding of non-sterile preparations

Answer 4

purified water, USP

Question 5

Purified by distillation or by reverse osmosis and meets the same standards for the presence of total solids as does Purified Water, USP Not required to be sterile but it must be pyrogen-free
Intended to be used in the manufacture of injectable products to be sterilized after preparation

Answer 5

water for injection, USP

Question 6

packaged in single-dose containers not larger than 1L; must be pyrogen-free

Answer 6

sterile water for injection, USP

Question 6

Clear, aqueous solutions saturated with volatile oils or other aromatic or volatile substances
May be used for perfuming and/or flavoring

Answer 6

aromatic waters (medicated water)

Question 6

Sterile water for injection containing one or more suitable antimicrobial
agents
Packaged in prefilled syringes or in vials containing not more than 30mL of the water
Employed as a sterile vehicle in the preparation of small volumes of injectable preparations

Answer 6

bacteriostatic water for injection, USP

Question 7

process of redistilling one or more times from fresh delicate drugs with small quantities of volatile principles

Answer 7

distillation aka cohobation

Question 7

aqueous solutions prepared by diluting the corresponding concentrated acids with purified water

Answer 7

diluted acids

Question 8

aqueous solutions directed against a part or into a body cavity

Answer 8

douches

Question 9

types of douches

Answer 9

a. ophthalmic
b. nasal
c. urethral
d. pharyngeal
e. vaginal

Question 10

vaginal douche

Answer 10

benzalkonium chloride

Question 11

nasal or pharyngeal douche containing N borate

Answer 11

dobell’s solution

Question 12

are rectal injections employed to evacuate the bowel, influence the general system by absorption, or to affect a local disease

Answer 12

enema

Question 13

types of enema

Answer 13

a. Retention enema - for local and systemic effects
b. Evacuation enema - used to cleanse the bowel

Question 14

contains mixture of monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate; for constipation and bowel cleansing

Answer 14

Fleet enema

Question 15

radiopaque; used as diagnostic aid

Answer 15

Barium sulfate enema

Question 15

aqueous solutions often in concentrated form containing one or more active ingredients and excipients used by swishing the liquid in the oral cavity for therapeutic and cosmetic purposes

Answer 15

Mouthwashes

Question 15

aqueous solutions frequently containing antiseptics, antibiotics, and/or anesthetics used for treating the pharynx and nasopharynx by forcing air from the lungs through the gargle that is held in the throat; subsequently, the gargle is expectorated

Answer 15

Gargles

Question 15

example for gargle

Answer 15

Bactidol® (Hexetidine)

Question 15

prepared from fresh ripe fruit; used as vehicles
Preserved with benzoic acid and allowed to stand at room temperature for several days until pectins (make the juice cloudy) are destroyed by enzymatic action

Answer 15

Juices

Question 16

example of nasal solution

Answer 16

a. Ephedrine nasal decongestant
b. Lypressin for diabetes insipidus
c. Oxytocin for milk letdown
d. Bricanyl (Terbutaline)
e. Ventolin (Salbutamol BP/Albuterol USP)

Question 16

designed to be administered to the nasal passages in the form of drops or sprays

Answer 16

Nasal solutions

Question 17

aqueous solutions designed to be administered
to the ear

Answer 17

Otic or Aural solutions

Question 18

main solvents used in otic solutions

Answer 18

glycerin or water

Question 19

Examples of otic solution

Answer 19

a. Benzocaine Otic Solution
b. Neomycin and Polymyxin B Sulfates and Hydrocortisone Otic
Solution

Question 20

used to wash or bathe surgical incisions, wounds, or body tissues

Answer 20

irrigation solutions