Lipids (Section 3)

Question 1

What step of Fat Catabolism provides an energy yield & what is the substrate required?

Answer 1

Beta Oxidation (needs Acetyl CoA)

Question 2

The “process” of Beta Oxidation, each cleavage yields?

Answer 2

FADH2 & NADH

Question 3

Each cycle of Beta Oxidation yields what?

Answer 3

Acetyl CoA

Question 4

How many ATP are produced from 1 palmitate molecule?

Answer 4

129 ATP

Question 5

The 7 cleavages from Palmitate yield how much ATP?

Answer 5

FADH2 (2) + NADH (3) x 7 = 35

Question 6

Ketones are formed due to the accumulation of ______ and the lack of ______ ?

Answer 6

Accumulation of Acetyl CoA (substrate)
Lack of Oxaloacetate (Inhibits Continued Krebs)

Question 7

What are 3 types of Ketone Bodies that are utilized in Ketone Body Synthesis?

Answer 7

B-Hydroxybutyrate
Acetoacetate
Acetone

Question 8

High levels of ketones in the blood will cause what?

Answer 8

Decreased pH levels (fruity breath)

Question 9

What are the conditions in which ketone bodies are primarily formed?

Answer 9

Low CHO Intake
Starvation
Diabetes

Question 10

What is the first stage of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 10

HMG CoA from Acetyl CoA

Question 11

What is the second stage of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 11

HMG CoA to squalene
(includes rate limiting step of HMG CoA reductase)

Question 12

What is the third stage of cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 12

Formation of cholesterol from squalene

Question 13

Is there a limit to cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 13

No, the body can synthesize all that it needs.

Question 14

What is the AMDR for total fat?

Answer 14

20-35% of Cal

Question 15

What is the recommended intake for SFA’s?

Answer 15

< 10% of Cal

Question 16

What is the AMDR for linoleate (PUFA)?

Answer 16

5-10% of Cal

Question 17

What is the AMDR for linolenate (PUFA)?

Answer 17

0.6-1.2% of Cal

Question 18

What is the AMDR for MUFA?

Answer 18

> no AMDR

Question 19

What is the recommended intake for cholesterol?

Answer 19

< 300 mg / day