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Biol 2700 > Lipids And Membranes > Flashcards

Lipids And Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

What are the generalized concepts of Fatty Acid?

A

-monocarboxylic
-linear
-even number of C
-unsaturated
-cis (naturally occurring), trans (produced by hydrogenation)

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2
Q

Properties of Fatty Acid

A

-Pka- 4.5 ~ 5.0
-Melting point
—- increases with longer chain length
—- decreases as number of double bonds increases
-Solubility- fatty acid with up to C6 and then only in non polar solvents
- Amphipatic
- structure - formation of micelles.

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3
Q

How is the hydrophobic affect achieved ?

A

The fatty acids are amphipathic. The hydrophilic head interacts with water and the hydrocarbons interact with each other via vdw forces minimizing the contact with water

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4
Q

Similar to carbohydrates, what are the two main functions of lipids

A

Starage and membrane lipids (lipids)
CARBOHYDRATES;
Structure
Storage
Energy transport
Information

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5
Q

What are the different types of storage lipids and membrane lipids?

A

Storage lipids - triglycerides
Membrane lipids - Glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids

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6
Q

What does triglycerides measn

A

1 glycerol with 3 fatty acids
Fatty acids are also called ( fatty acyl units)
Therefore triglycerides can also be called
Triacylglycerol

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7
Q

Properties of triglycerides

A

1- melting point varies similar to other lipids
2- most abundant of all lipids
3- insulation - adipocytes cells under skin
4- energy storage in fat cells, seeds
5-buoyancy- lipids are less dense then water, oil density changes with temperatures
6- releases 2x more energy

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8
Q

Why does lipids /triglycerides provides 2x more energy then carbohydrate?

A

More H in lipids - eg the tail of fatty acid
And triglycerides have 3 tails

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9
Q

What is the difference between fat and lipids

A

Lipids are liquid at room temperature
Fats are solid at room temperature

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10
Q

Why are oils liquid at Rtp?

A

Low melting point
Meaning they have shorter chains or more double bonds
Because they are highly unsaturated

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11
Q

Why does more double bonds decreases melting point when it should be the other way around?

A

More double bonds dec melting point because
1- we learnt that naturally occurring/ usually the lipids have cis bonds
2- cis bond dec the intermolecular interactions , less energy required to break bonds therefore lower melting point
3- cis bonds make it difficult to closely/ tightly pack the FA

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12
Q

What is saponification

A

Saponification is the process of forming soap

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13
Q

Write down the equation of soap making

A
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14
Q

Describe the process of saponification.

A

Lipases hydrolyze the TAC
The R grouos attracted to do dirt and grease
The polar O and Ka will drag it into water
Micelles forms , containing dirt

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15
Q

Membrane lipids- Glycerophospholipids are derivatives of ?

A

Phosphatidic acid

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16
Q

There can be variations in the Glycerophospholipids, which are derivatives of Phosphatidic acids, by varying its head molecule. What are the 3 types of Glycerophospholipids that can form?

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine
Phophatidylserine
Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin)

17
Q

Draw these three types of Glycerophospholipids.

A
18
Q

Which type of Glycerophospholipids forms a bilayer in water and is a part of cell membrane?

A

Phosphatidyl choline

19
Q

Name the saturated lipid chains

A

ACLPS
2, 10, 12, 16, 18
Acetic
Capric
Lauric
Palmitic
Steric

20
Q

What are steroids

A

Lipids containing 4 fused rings
Steroid nucleus
Made of 4 rings- 3 with 6 carbons and one ring with 5 carbons
Almost planar and conformationally rigid
Sex hormones , bile salts and some poisons
Made of isoprene

21
Q

What are the two types of steroids

A

Structural
Non structural

22
Q

Name the structural steroids

A

Cholesterols

23
Q

Explain cholestrol

A

Polar oh at c3
Aliphatic 8 carbon chain at c17
Part of membrane (35% of total lipid)

24
Q

Cholestrol is stored and transported as ————-

A

As cholesteryl esters - the cholestrol is esterfied to the fatty acid chain ( c8)

25
Q

Why is cholesterol stored and transported as cholesteryl esters?

A

Become more hydrophobic for storage and transport in lipoprotein complexes

26
Q

How does the density pf lipoproteins decrease?

A

The density of lipoprotein coat is greater then the density of the core
The larger the core, the lower the density

27
Q

What are the four types of lipoproteins?

A

1- chylomicrons
2- VLDL
3-LDL
4-HDL

28
Q

Which of these are bad cholestrols

A

Chylomicrons , VLDL, LDL
Transported from liver , intestines to tissues

29
Q

Why are these lipoproteins bad ?

A

As they transport , they spread the excess everywhere
This Leads to clogging of arteries, causing heart disease

30
Q

Good cholestrol

A

HDL
from tissues to liver and intestine

31
Q

What are the non structural steroids?

A

Testosterone
Estradiol
Not in membrane

32
Q

What is the function of phospholipid bilayer membrane?

A

Define cell boundaries
Regulates traffic
Compartmentalize internal space
Organize complex reaction seq
Imp for energy conservation and cell to cell communication

33
Q

Fluid mossaic model

A
  • lipids are arranged in a bilipid structure where the hydrophobic tails are inside and the hydrophilic heads are out
  • the lipids in the membrane are not static and continiously moving
    -The flexibity and fluidity of membrane keeps changing based on fa tails and cholestrol
    REDUCE FLEX
    —- high content of cholestrol
    — saturated fatty acid tails -less double bonds - lessflexible
  • the two mono layers are different from each other
  • the inside is also different from outside
34
Q

There are two types pf proteins involved in membrane . Name them and compare and contrast them

A

Peripheral -
- dont move
- bound electrostatically or
- bound covalently
- electrostatic-ally bound proteins Released by high salt concentration
Integral -
Move and diffuse laterally in the PLANE of the blipped layer ( just like lipids)
Removed by organic extraction or detergent

35
Q

What are the function of membrane proteins?

A

Structural - holds the lipod bilayer together
Dynamic
- tranport proteins ( pump / carriers/ permease)
Receptor proteins( antigens )
Enzymes
Others

Biol 2700 (8 decks)

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