Glycolysis Flashcards
Describe how anaerobic rxn is achieved
Glucose converted to pyruvate via glycolysis
Pyruvate converted to lactate or ethanol - anaerobic via glycolysis
Glucose converted to acetyl coA which is converted to Co2- aerobic by ETC
Note - some org use glycolysis even in when o2is available
- anaerobic is an ancient process
Sim- enzymes and rxns
Diff - reg of pathway
What are the 2 phases of glycolysis
Phase 1- preparatory = glucose splits to 2 x 3GP
COSTS 2ATP
Phase 2- paypff
oxidation and phosphorylation = 2 Nadh and 4 atp
Glycolysis is Exergonic= 146 kj released, 61 kj trapped in ATP , bcz 2 atp was cost and 4 were yield meaning net was 2 atp and 2 atp trapped (useful) so 58percent of 5.2 percent lost
Complete oxidation via ETC - 2840
So glycolysis gives only 5.2 percent of energy
Why is atp used up if it has to be synthesis
Atp is the end product , so PFK catalyses early reactions (using atp)
If atp was high , it acts as inh for earlier stages
Atp hydrolysis gives adp , 2adp can be further squeezed to give 1 atp and amp
High amp acts as activator
ATP SYN TURNED ON WHEN NEEDED
Phosphofructokinase
Acts as sensor - checks levels of atp and amp
And also adds another p group
Does glycolysis only occur in aerobic resp?
Nope Glycolysis is the first step to the oxidation of glucose
And it occurs in aerobic and anaerobic reaction
Describe the after glycolysis pathway of pyruvate in anaerobic respiration
1- ethanol fermentation
Pyruvate converted to ethanol
2- lacric acid fermentation
Pyruvate converted to lactic avid
Explain the Warburg effect
This is a phenomenon in cancer cells, (or rapidly growing cells) in which they use glycolysis to produce ATP (not the complete oxidation ) even when oxygen is present
Why do you think cancer cells use glycolysis despite the presence of o2?
Cancer cels are rapidly growing cels and these cells would outgrow their o2 supply
How do they greately increase glycolyses?
They increase glucose uptake and glycolysis (10x faster) by increasing the synthesis of hexokinase and glucose transporters
Which phenomenon can be used to detect cancer in body ?
As we learned that cancer cell greately increase glucose uptake of their cancerous area
We can track areas of great glucose uptake after giving ind 6-P-FdG
Describe the pathway of pyruvate under aerobic conditions.
1- pyruvate is converted to acetyl coa by pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, from which acetyl coa enters the CAC
2- in citric acid cycle
acetyl coA is oxidized to Co2 and H2o
Many more NADH produced
Where does glycolysis takes place?
In the cytoplasm
What are the inhibitors and activators of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
Inhibitors are high energy products
Activators - low energy products
Describe what forms 40% of protein of mitochondrial membrane?
The TAC/ETC. is part of the inner mitochondrial membrane
Together with the enzyme that convert adp to atp makes up approximately 40%
