LIPIDS Flashcards
define lipid
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents
difference between fats and lipids
lipids is a broader category than fats
name the 3 main lipids
triglycerides
phospholipids
cholesterol
describe the molecular structure of triglycerides
1 molecule of glycerol
3 molecules of fatty acids (carbon and oxygen)
describe the molecular structure of phospholipids
1 molecule of glycerol
2 molecules of fatty acids (carbon and oxygen)
phosphate ‘head’ (phosphorus and oxygen)
what happens when phospholipids are added to water?
they self assemble into a phospholipid bilayer made of 2 layers
whereby the hydrophilic heads face outward and the hydrophobic tails face inward
what are functions of triglycerides?
Energy storage - densest energy storage molecule
insulation - as a poor conductor of heat, they help organisms reduce loss of body heat
protection - this type of fat is stored around delicate organs such as kidneys
what is the function of phospholipids?
Phospholipids serve a very important function by surrounding and protecting internal cell components. Since they do not mix with water, they provide a structurally sound membrane that contributes to both the shape and functionality of cell
2 functions of cholesterol
increases layers in the bilayer
ensures the layers don’t freeze at colder temps
assists in bile production in the liver (rigidity and strength)
what atoms make up a hydrophobic molecule?
carbon and hydrogen (usually)
NO OXYGEN OR NITROGEN
what atoms make up a hydrophilic molecule?
elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus
why are phospholipids considered amphiphilic?
Because they contain hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts
