Lipids Flashcards
lipid functions
hormones thermal insulation fluidity carriers cell membrane energy (long term)
lipid chemical subtypes
fatty acids (tryglycerides)
glycerol (phospholipids)
sterols (steriods, cholesterol, etc)
lipid elements
CHOP
9 cal per g
triglycerides formation
3 fatty acids + glycerol to form a triglyceride and water in dehydraiton synthesis
form saturated/non saturated structures
lactating women need…
7% of lipids in diet
saturated fats
the 'bad' fats animal sources solid at room temperature (max number of carb to hydrogen) no double bond/straight structure sources: butter, lard, meat, dairy
risk of saturated fats
cause: hypertenstion, cancer, heart disease, hypercholesterol
unsaturated fats
1+ double bonds mono/poly unsaturated melt at room temperature are cis/bent reduces risk of saturated fat consumption
sources of unsaturated fats
olive oil, linseed, flaxseed, soy, nuts, avocados
types of monounsaturated fats
oleic acid
tyep of polyunsaturated fats
linoleic acid
linolenic acid
linolenic acid acid
omega 3 high; prevents heart disease
in flaxseed/peanuts
linoleic acid
omega 6
what are the essential fatty acids
can’t be made by body; must be eaten
we need omega 3/6
reduced choelsterol
(linoleic/linolenic acd)
good sources of essential fatty acids
cold water fishes (SMASH) and nuts
cold water fishes
best ones are like free salmon; who have more fat (as colder) and good ratio of fat (due to excersize)
trans fatty acids
horrible converted unsaturated fats by hydrogenation man made solid at room tempt/soluble double bonds= now straight
trans fatty acids sources
margarine
crisco
veggie oil
trans fatty acids/saturated fats cons
block arteries= cause atherosclerosis because double bonds dont bend well
health saturated fat?
lauric acid= short chain as it raises HDL (cholesterol)
found in coconuts
HDl to LDL
HDL/LDL= high/low density lipoprotein
measure of good vs bad cholesterol
lipoprotein
soluble protein complex that transports cholesterol in liver to cells
why is hdl good
hdl carries excess cholesterol back to liver to elminate it/break it down
steriods
hormones: testotestrone, cortisol, estrogel, cholesterol
what is cholesterol
a waxy substance procuded already in body
found also in animal based products
liber= produces more hcolesterol with unhealthy fat diet
function of cholesterol
steroid
flexiliby in membrance
used to make other hormones/bile/vitamin b
too much of it= creates blood clots
risks factors for high cholesterol
age
gender
family
health history
causes of high cholesteorl
sedentary lfiestly high sat. fat over 40 yrs poor diaetes manageament smoking/alchol
chlesterol fighting foods
olive oild fish/omega 3 oats fruits whole grain cereals beans/peas nuts
omega 9 sources
monounsaturated fats like olive oil, avocados, peanuts
omega 6 sources
corn oil, safflower oil, sunflower oils
healthy caloric intake of lipids
20-25 %
phospholipids
form the phosopholipid bilayer in cell membrane
composed of a polar hydrophillic head (phosophate/glycerol) and non-polar hydrophobic tail (fatty acids)
phospholipid example
lecithin
phospholipid example sources
soybeans eggs milk cotton seed rapeseed/canola oild
phospholipid properties
emulsifier (chocolate bar)
dietary supplement
low solubliity in water
phospholipid pros
memory blood lipids reduces inflammation lowers ldl treats neurological disorder
soybeans and phospholipids
soyproducts regulated by EU due to allergns
smoke point
point at which an oil breaks down and produces harmful contexts
acrlyamide
the brown bit of frying that causes cancer
