Lipids

Question 1

Simple lipids

Answer 1

Aglycerols
-triacylglycerols
Waxes

Question 2

Complex lipids

Answer 2

Phosphoacylglycerols
Sphingolipids
-sphingomyelins
-glycolipids

Question 3

Derived lipids

Answer 3

Cholesterol and other steroids
Lipid-soluble vitamins
Eicosanoids

Question 4

Eicosanoids

Answer 4

Porstaglandins
Leukotrienes
Thromboxanes

Question 5

Linoleic acid

Answer 5

18:2 Δ9,12

Question 6

Linolenic acid

Answer 6

18:3 Δ9,12,15

Question 7

Triacylglycerols

Answer 7

Not in membrane
-in fat cells
Fatty acids released by: lipases, saponification (NaOH)

Question 8

Waxes

Answer 8

Long chains of fatty acids and long chained alcohol

Protective coating

Question 9

Phosphoacylglycerols

Answer 9

Phosphatidyl ester

In membranes

Question 10

Sphingolipids

Answer 10

Sphingomyelins, glycolipids
Sphingosine backbone - long chain amino alcohol
Simplest compound: ceramide

Question 11

Sphingomyelins

Answer 11

Nervous system membranes
Primary alcohol group esterfied to choline (eventually)
Loss causes multiple sclerosis

Question 12

Glycolipids

Answer 12

Cerebrosides, gangliosides
Sugar bound to primary alcohol group of ceramide
Organ specificity
GLYCOSIDIC BOND

Question 13

Cerebroside vs ganglioside

Answer 13

C: one sugar (glucose, galactose)
G: complex carbohydrate portion
- always contains sialic acid
Negative charge at neutral pH

Question 14

Steroids

Answer 14

Fused ring system
- 3 six-membered ring & 1 five-membered ring
Hydroxyl on C3 forms ester with fatty acids —> cholesterol ester

Question 15

3 membrane proteins

Answer 15

Peripheral
Integral
Lipid-anchored

Question 16

Prostaglandins

Answer 16

In all cells
Local hormones/mediators
Blood pressure
Smooth muscle
Inhibit platelet aggregation - cause inflammation
Inhibited by cortisone and aspirin

Question 17

Leukotrienes

Answer 17

In leukocytes
Constrict smooth muscles (lungs)
Asthma: leukotriene C synthesis (allergies)
-treated with leukotriene C atagonist

Question 18

Thromboxanes

Answer 18

Cyclic ether
Smooth muscle constriction
Platelet aggregation
Inhibited by aspirin/cortisone