Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What can lipids dissolve in?

A

Organic solvents like ethanol

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2
Q

What makes up a triglyceride?

A

One glycerol molecule and three fatty acid chains

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3
Q

What are the bonds called in a triglyceride and phospholipid?

A

Ester bonds

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4
Q

What is the difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?

A

phospholipids have a phosphate group that replaces one fatty acid chain

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5
Q

What is so special about phospholipids structure?

A

It has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic end so it can form membranes

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6
Q

What is another name for a condensation reaction?

A

Esterification

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7
Q

What is meant by saturated?

A

Fatty acid chains with no double bonds

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8
Q

Name 4 roles of lipids?

A

Cushioning against knocks.

Buoyancy for aquatic mammals.

Thermal insulation against heat loss.

Waterproofing on surfaces.

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9
Q

Phospholipids form what type of membranes?

A

Unilayer or bilayer.

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10
Q

What element, as well as carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, is present in a phospholipid?

A

Phosphorus

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11
Q

What element do lipids have a lower proportion of in their structure than carbohydrates have?

A

Oxygen

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12
Q

Why is it that lipids are used in a variety of ways by organisms?

A

They have a wide range of molecular structures, functions and properties.

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13
Q

What are the two most common lipids?

A

Triglycerides and Phospholipids.

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14
Q

What is the name of a fatty acid with one double bond in its structure?

A

Monounsaturated

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15
Q

What are phospholipids?

A

Modified triglycerides.

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16
Q

Which end of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?

A

phosphate head/charged head.

17
Q

What are sterols/steroid alcohols?

A

They are a type of lipid but they are not fats or oils

18
Q

Give an example of a sterol.

A

cholesterol

19
Q

Where is cholesterol made and where can it be found?

A

Made in the liver and intestine. Found in between phospholipids of the cell membrane.

20
Q

What are the functions of cholesterol?

A

Adds stability to the cell membranes.

Maintains fluidity of membranes. Keeps them fluid at low temperatures. Stops them becoming too fluid at high temperatures.

21
Q

draw a glycerol molecule

A
22
Q

Draw a fatty acid

A
23
Q

Why are phospholipids called surface active agents or surfactants?

A

The way that they react with water in a dual nature means they are surfactants.