Lipids Flashcards
Simple lipids -
fats/oils - 3 FAs and a glycerol (TGs)
waxes - 1 FA and and alcohol
nutritionally essential FAs***
Linolenic acid and linoleic acid
-they have more than one double bond so they are polyunsaturated
short chain / medium chain
vs.
Long chain
- absorbed directly and can diffuse into mitochondria for oxidation
- adsorbed as micelles, transported into the mitochondria with carnitine (with fat-soluble vitamins)
Which double bonds contribute to the kinks?
More fluid membrane?
- cis double bonds
- longer chain with more double bonds
Complex lipids:
phospholipids - contain phosphate
Glycolipids - contain sugar residues
simple lipid
glycerophospholipid
sphingophospholipid
glycolipid
= 3 FA + Glycerol (alcohol)
=2 FA + Glycerol (alcohol) + phosphate + head group
= 1 FA + Sphingosine + phosphate + head group
= 1 FA + Sphingosine + carbohydrate
Eicosanoids - 3 types
(made from nutritionally essential FAs)
- Prostanoids
- Leukotrienes - chemotaxis, inflammation, allergic rxns
- Lipoxins - anti-inflammatory, oppose action of Leukotrienes
Prostanoids
(one type of eicosanoid)
3 examples:
- Prostaglandins - inflammatory response, hormone production, ion transport
- Prostacyclins - inhibits platelet aggregation, promotes vasodilation
- Thromboxanes - promotes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction
Test question asked what type of lipid is a thromboxane
(answer is eicosanoid)
linoleic acid used to make arachidonic used to make prostaglandins
dont memorize, just a note for understanding
steroids
characteristic picture - recognize it
cholesterol (synthesize steroid hormones, bile acid, vit D)
sterols (steroid + OH),
The fat soluble vitamins are all
lipids
Vitamin D can be synthesized from cholesterol (a steroid) with adequate sunlight
oleic acid naming:
18: 1 (9)
18 carbons, 1 double bond, at the 9th carbon
