Lipids 2

Question 1

Simple lipids are … And …

Answer 1

Triacylglycerol
Waxes

Question 2

Wax composition + examples

Answer 2

Monohydric alcohol+ fatty acid
Bee wax&raquo_space; palmitic acid C16+ myricyl alcohol C30
Cholesteryl ester» lanolin(animal fur+ skin enhancement)
Vitamin A (retinol)
Vitamin D (calciferol)

Question 3

Triacyl glycerols composition
Glycerol general + bonded to..

Answer 3

3 fatty acids+ 1 glycerol
Glycerol> odourless, colourless,sweet,miscible in water
R1> saturated fatty acid
R2>unsaturated
R3>either

Question 4

Physical properties of TAGs

Answer 4

Yellow colour due to cartenoids
Colourless and odourless
Insoluble in water
Soluble in fats

Question 5

Chemical properties of simple lipids

Answer 5

Rancidity
Hydrogenation/hardening (from USFA to SFA)margarine

Question 6

Rancidity
What
Types

Answer 6

Development of bad odor in fats due to exposure of high temperature moisture ,humidity and metals that act as catalysts.
Hydrolytic» butter
Oxidative» oils

Question 7

Difference bet hydrolytic and oxidative

Answer 7

Hydrolytic» high temp release of short chain fatty acids due to bond breaking by lipase enzyme

Oxidative»oxidation of USFA to produce peroxides causing the chains to be broken, bad odour and bitter taste

Question 8

Protecting from rancidity

Answer 8

Addition of antioxidants like vitamin E and phenols, decreasing rate of rancidity and protect from oxidation

Question 9

Compound lipids classification

Answer 9

Acc to Alcohol
Phosphoglycerides
Sphingomylein

Question 10

Phosphoglycerides are broken down by…

Answer 10

Phospholipases

Question 11

Parent group of phophoglycerides

Answer 11

Phosphatidic acid
Glycerol+ saturated+ unsaturated+ phosphoric acid

Question 12

Lecithin

Answer 12

Phosphatidic+ choline
Cell membrane of brain/liver/lung
Lipotropic factor, preventing fatty liver
Forms cholesterol ester

Question 13

Cephalin

Answer 13

Phosphatidic acid+ ethanol amine

Question 14

Phosphatydlserine

Answer 14

Phosphatidic acid+ serine

Question 15

Phosphatdyl glycerol

Answer 15

Phosphatidic acid+ glycerol

Question 16

Phospholinositol

Answer 16

Phosphatidic acid+ inositol
Secondary messenger in intracellular signal transduction

Question 17

Diphosphatydlglycerol also is…

Answer 17

Cardiolipin
2 Phosphatidic acid+ glycerol in between
Inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 18

Plasmalogens

Answer 18

Ether phospholipid
Glycerol+ fatty alcohol+ fatty acid+ R group(choline or ethanolamine)
Cardiovascular system/ nervous system
Decrease= Alzheimer’s

Question 19

Acid + alcohol
Alcohol+ alcohol

Answer 19

Ester
Ether

Question 20

Why snake venom causes hemolysis

Answer 20

Lecithinase enzyme
That converts phospholipids to lysophospholipids(+fatty acid)
Lecithin> lysolecithin by phospjolipase

Question 21

Sphingomylein alcohol

Answer 21

Sphingosine/ sphingol
18C

Question 22

What is ceramide

Answer 22

Sphingol+ fatty acid

Question 23

Sphingomylein

Answer 23

Ceramide+ phosphocholine

Question 24

Phospholipid functions 8

Answer 24

PAF, platelet activating factor
Eicosanoids synthesis
Micelles in water
Emulsifying factors
Hydrotropic subs, prevent cholesterol deposits/ gall stones
Bilayer of membrane
Lipoproteins
Lung surfactant

Question 25

Lung surfactant

Answer 25

Dipalmitoyl-lecithin: sphingomyelin
Ratio is important to prevent respiratory distress disorder in premature infants

Question 26

Glycolipids

Answer 26

Ceramide+ carbon radical

Question 27

Types of glycolipids

Answer 27

Cerebrosides»galactose/glucose
Sulpholipids» cerebroside+ sulphate on C3
Gangliosides»ceramide+ complex carb(mixture of glucose/galactose/NANA+ 18C fatty acids(oleic/stearic))

Question 28

Cerebrosides

Answer 28

Brain tissue, presence of 24C fatty acids
Cerebronic acid/ nervonic acid/ lignoceric acid

Question 29

Importance of glycolipids

Answer 29

Brain tissue
Mylein sheath
Cell membrane of RBCs
Cell membrane receptors(hormones/ external stimuli)
Recognition Properties