Lipids 2 Flashcards
Simple lipids are … And …
Triacylglycerol
Waxes
Wax composition + examples
Monohydric alcohol+ fatty acid
Bee wax»_space; palmitic acid C16+ myricyl alcohol C30
Cholesteryl ester» lanolin(animal fur+ skin enhancement)
Vitamin A (retinol)
Vitamin D (calciferol)
Triacyl glycerols composition
Glycerol general + bonded to..
3 fatty acids+ 1 glycerol
Glycerol> odourless, colourless,sweet,miscible in water
R1> saturated fatty acid
R2>unsaturated
R3>either
Physical properties of TAGs
Yellow colour due to cartenoids
Colourless and odourless
Insoluble in water
Soluble in fats
Chemical properties of simple lipids
Rancidity
Hydrogenation/hardening (from USFA to SFA)margarine
Rancidity
What
Types
Development of bad odor in fats due to exposure of high temperature moisture ,humidity and metals that act as catalysts.
Hydrolytic» butter
Oxidative» oils
Difference bet hydrolytic and oxidative
Hydrolytic» high temp release of short chain fatty acids due to bond breaking by lipase enzyme
Oxidative»oxidation of USFA to produce peroxides causing the chains to be broken, bad odour and bitter taste
Protecting from rancidity
Addition of antioxidants like vitamin E and phenols, decreasing rate of rancidity and protect from oxidation
Compound lipids classification
Acc to Alcohol
Phosphoglycerides
Sphingomylein
Phosphoglycerides are broken down by…
Phospholipases
Parent group of phophoglycerides
Phosphatidic acid
Glycerol+ saturated+ unsaturated+ phosphoric acid
Lecithin
Phosphatidic+ choline
Cell membrane of brain/liver/lung
Lipotropic factor, preventing fatty liver
Forms cholesterol ester
Cephalin
Phosphatidic acid+ ethanol amine
Phosphatydlserine
Phosphatidic acid+ serine
Phosphatdyl glycerol
Phosphatidic acid+ glycerol
Phospholinositol
Phosphatidic acid+ inositol
Secondary messenger in intracellular signal transduction
Diphosphatydlglycerol also is…
Cardiolipin
2 Phosphatidic acid+ glycerol in between
Inner mitochondrial membrane
Plasmalogens
Ether phospholipid
Glycerol+ fatty alcohol+ fatty acid+ R group(choline or ethanolamine)
Cardiovascular system/ nervous system
Decrease= Alzheimer’s
Acid + alcohol
Alcohol+ alcohol
Ester
Ether
Why snake venom causes hemolysis
Lecithinase enzyme
That converts phospholipids to lysophospholipids(+fatty acid)
Lecithin> lysolecithin by phospjolipase
Sphingomylein alcohol
Sphingosine/ sphingol
18C
What is ceramide
Sphingol+ fatty acid
Sphingomylein
Ceramide+ phosphocholine
Phospholipid functions 8
PAF, platelet activating factor
Eicosanoids synthesis
Micelles in water
Emulsifying factors
Hydrotropic subs, prevent cholesterol deposits/ gall stones
Bilayer of membrane
Lipoproteins
Lung surfactant
Lung surfactant
Dipalmitoyl-lecithin: sphingomyelin
Ratio is important to prevent respiratory distress disorder in premature infants
Glycolipids
Ceramide+ carbon radical
Types of glycolipids
Cerebrosides»galactose/glucose
Sulpholipids» cerebroside+ sulphate on C3
Gangliosides»ceramide+ complex carb(mixture of glucose/galactose/NANA+ 18C fatty acids(oleic/stearic))
Cerebrosides
Brain tissue, presence of 24C fatty acids
Cerebronic acid/ nervonic acid/ lignoceric acid
Importance of glycolipids
Brain tissue
Mylein sheath
Cell membrane of RBCs
Cell membrane receptors(hormones/ external stimuli)
Recognition Properties
