Bioenergetics Flashcards
Low energy bonds
Phosphate ester >glucose 6 phosphate
Carboxyl ester> fatty acids+glycerol
Glycosidic
Peptide
High energy phosphate bonds
Enol phosphate>2PEP>14.8
Carboxyl phosphate> 1,3BPG>11.8
Pyrophosphate >ADP,ATP
High energy sulfur bonds
Thio ester> carboxyl + thiol of coA
SAM
PAPS
3rd type of high energy bonds
B-ketoacyl-coA
Acetoacetyl coA during fatty acids b oxidation
CoA is a carrier of
Acids
Enol is
Rearranged ketone
High energy phosphate bonds is stored as…in muscles
Why
Creatine phosphate
ATP is unstable
Starting electrical potential vs ending in ETC
-0.32v
0.82v
Components
4 protein complexes
2 mobile electron carriers
(ubiquinone)=co enzyme Q
Cytochrome C , hemoprotein
Complex V that synthesise ATP
What is a hemoprotein
Porphyrin ring+iron=heme
Heme+protein=hemoprotein
The complexes componenets
1- flavoprotein, FMN,7 Fe-S
2-flavoprotein, FAD, 2 Fe-S
3- hemoprotein, cytochrome c , cytochrome b, 1 Fe-S
4- hemoprotein, cytochrome a, cytochrome a3, 2 atoms of Cu
Why is complex 2 projected towards the mitochondrial matrix and not integral like the other complexes
Two easily work on succinate that is present in the krebs cycle which occurs in the matrix
Why FO
As this subunit is sensitive to oligomycin antibiotic in bacteria
Starting from NADH
Starting fromFAD
2.5
1.5
ATP
P:O ratio is
Relationship between ATP generation and oxygen consumption
Why cellular respiration
As it consumes oxygen
Uncoupling protein
Thermogenin in inner mitochondrial membrane in brown adipose tissue in animals
How physiological uncoupler works
Forms a channel for the passage of protons from inter membrane space to matrix other than the ATP synthase channel causing a release of energy as heat without ATP synthesis
Pathological
Thyrotoxicosis>thyroid hormone high levels which increase inner mitochondrial membrane permeability, losing weight and heat intolerance
Aspirin overdose> acetyl salicylate, above 150mg/kg, hyperthermia, by disrupting the proton gradient causing uncoupling and release of energy as heat
Clinical correlation
**Cyanide carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide or powerful poisons that inhibits to Chrome sea oxidase complex 4 and inhibit ATP sybthesis **
CO > cars
H2S> oil drilling
Cyanide> natural gas
Low amounts> dizziness, breathless,headache
Large amounts> convulsions,coma,death
Barbiturates
Hypoxia
Not under psychiatrist supervision inhibits complex I
No oxidation, no phosphorylation death to the cell
