Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CHEM LAB > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Are a class of biological molecules defined by low solubility in water and high solubility in nonpolar solvents

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

They include fats, waxes, oils, hormones, and certain components of membranes and functions as energy-storage molecules and chemical messengers

A

Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Main function of lipids

A

Storage molecules for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS

A

Storage molecules for energy
Structural components of cellular membranes
Protective molecules
Intracellular messenger
Insulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lipids that contain an ester functional group may be hydrolyzed in water

A

Hydrolyzable lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Lipids that lacks this functional group (?)

A

Non-hydrolyzable lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This includes steroids, terpenes, eicosanoids, and fat-soluble vitamins

A

Non-hydrolyzable lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Simplest hydrolyzable lipid

A

Waxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are esters formed from a high molecular weight alcohol and a fatty acid

A

Waxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why are waxes hydrophobic?

A

Because of their long carbon chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Triesters of glycerol and fatty acids

A

Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most long-chain carboxylic acids of biological origin are found as esters of glycerol

A

Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oils from plants and fats of animals are examples of what?

A

Triacylglycerols (TAGs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SATURATED FATTY ACIDS

A
  • animal fats
  • compact
  • solid at room temperature
  • ex: stearic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

A
  • vegetable oils
  • less compact
  • has double bonds forming a twist or bend
  • liquid at room temperature
  • ex: linoleic acid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • vegetable oils
  • less compact
  • has double bonds forming a twist or bend
  • liquid at room temperature
  • ex: linoleic acid
A

Unsaturated Fatty Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  • animal fats
  • compact
  • solid at room temperature
  • ex: stearic acid
A

Saturated Fatty Acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Are created when liquid vegetable or fish oil is hydrogenated

A

Trans fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

This is frequently done to increase their plasticity and chemical stability for subsequent food processing

A

Trans fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When mixed with water, phospholipids assemble an arrangement called:

A

Lipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Forms the main fabric of the insoluble barrier that protects the cell

A

Phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It is composed of a glycerol backbone attached on one end to two fatty acids and the other end has the esterified phosphoric acid and an organic alcohol group

A

Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Are major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers

A

Phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This basic cellular structure acts as a barrier to protect the cell against various environmental insults

A

Lipid bilayers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
It enables multiple cellular processes to occur in subcellular compartments
Lipid bilayers
26
The second most abundant type of lipid
Phosphocylglycerols
27
The coating that surrounds and insulate nerve cells, the myelin sheet, is rich in this and is vital for proper nerve functions
Sphingomyelins
28
Where are phospholipids derived from?
Glycerol
29
Where are Sphingomyelins derived from?
Sphingosine
30
FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
A,D,E,K
31
Is obtained from fish liver oils and dairy products and is synthesized from B- carotene
Vitamin A
32
The orange pigment in carrots
B-carotene
33
Deficiency of this vitamin causes night blindness, as well as dry eyes and skin
Vitamin A
34
Most abundant D vitamins
Vitamin D3
35
Regulates both calcium and phosphorus metabolism
Vitamin D
36
Deficiency of this vitamin causes rickets
Vitamin D
37
Refers to a group of structurally similar compounds, the most potent being the A-tocopherol
Vitamin E
38
Deficiency of this vitamin causes numerous neurological problems
Vitamin E
39
Regulates the synthesis of prothrombin and other proteins need for blood clot
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)
40
Deficiency of this vitamin leads to excessive and sometimes fatal bleeding because of inadequate blood clotting
Vitamin K (phylloquinone)
41
Derived from the word “eikosi”, meaning twenty
Eicosanoid
42
Group of hormones belonging to the local hormones
Eicosanoid
43
Local mediators, they perform their function in the environment in which they are synthesized
Eicosanoid
44
Not stored in cells; rather they are synthesized from arachidonic acid in response to external stimulus
Eicosanoid
45
Mediator of pain and inflammatory response
Prostaglandins
46
Group of lipids with hormone-like actions that your body makes primarily at sites of tissue damage or infection
Prostaglandins
47
Also produced in the hypothalamus in response to chemical messenger released during an inflammatory response
Prostaglandins
48
Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in uterus
Prostaglandins
49
Has a protective effect, facilitating mucus production in stomach
Prostaglandins
50
Functions in vasodilation, leading to increase renal blood flow in kidney
Prostaglandins
51
Lowers blood pressure and gastric secretions
Prostaglandins
52
Vasoconstriction, constrict blood vessels
Thromboxane
53
Trigger blood platelet aggregation
Thromboxane
54
Synthesized by immune cells. In the lungs, they can lead to airway narrowing or bronchoconstriction
Leukotrienes
55
Vasodilation, inhibit blood aggregation
Prostacyclin
56
A majority of these compounds are found only in plants, but some of the larger and more complex terpenes occur in animals
Terpenes
57
Terpenes are made up of _____ unit
Isoprene unit (5-carbon branched chain)
58
Made up of isoprene unit (5-carbon branched chain)
Terpenes
59
These aromatic compounds create the characteristic scent of many plants, such as cannabis, pine, and lavender, as well as fresh orange peel
Terpenes
60
The fragrance of most plants is due to a combination of these
Terpenes
61
Used for compounds that contain isoprene units as well as an oxygen atom
Terpenoids
62
Terpenes with 10 carbons
Monoterpene
63
Terpenes with 15 carbons
Sesquiterpene
64
Terpenes with 20 carbons
Diterpene
65
Terpenes with 25 carbons
Sesterpene
66
Terpenes with 30 carbons
Triterpene
67
Terpenes with 40 carbons
Tetraterpene
68
5 MOST COMMON TERPENES
Myrcene Pinene Caryophyllene Limonene Terpinolene
69
Found in pine needles, rosemary, basil, and dill
Pinene
70
Found in black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon
Caryophyllene
71
Also found in nutmeg, tea tree, cumin, and lilacs
Terpinolene
72
Most common steroid and is mainly synthesized in the liver and is the precursor to many steroid hormones
Cholesterol
73
It serves as the starting material for other important molecules in the body, including vitamin D and bile acids, which aid in the digestion and absorption of fats from dietary sources
Cholesterol
74
A key component of cell membranes, altering their fluidity and dynamics
Cholesterol
75
Cholesterol is synthesized in the body from _____
Squalene
76
Are estrogen synthesized in the ovaries
Estradiol
77
Controls the development of secondary sex characteristics in females and regulate thee menstrual cycle
Estradiol
78
Pregnancy hormone
Progesterone
79
Responsible for the preparation of the uterus for implantation of a fertilized egg
Progesterone
80
Androgens synthesized in the testes; control development of secondary sex characteristics in males
Testosterone and androsterone
81
Serves as anti-inflammatory agents and regulate carbohydrate metabolism
Cortisone & Cortisol
82
Regulates blood pressure and volume by controlling the concentration of Na and K in bodily fluids
Aldosterone
83
SOLUBILITY TEST
Lipids/fats = soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform and alcohol Insoluble in water because water is polar Positive=non polar solvent Forms immiscible layer w/water; creates miscible solution w/organic non polar solvents = lipids/fats are present
84
TRANSLUCENT TEST
Fats and oils have higher boiling point = doesn’t evaporate easily Translucent spot of lipid in paper fiber = positive
85
ACROLEIN TEST
Used to detect the presence of glycerol and fat Sample is heated w/potassium bisulfate which produces a pungent smell with the presence of fat or oil
86
BAUDOUIN TEST
Used to detect the presence of sesame oil Sesame oil produces rose-red color when mixed with HCl and furfural solution Rose-red color = positive
87
Used to detect the degree of unsaturation in oil or fat samples
Huble’s test
88
BURCHARD TEST
Used to detect presence of cholesterol in samples Uses sulfuric acid and acetic anhydride which dehydrates cholesterol forming a chromophore

CHEM LAB (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions