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BIOCHEM LAB > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

These are biomolecules that are soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water.

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Lipids are defined on the on the basis of _____________

A

Physical property

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2
Q

This is a sweetener used in sugar-free mints and gum.

A

Sorbitol

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3
Q

The common lipids in:

Vegetable oils
Egg yolk
Leafy greens

A

Triacylglycerols
Cholesterol
Vitamin E

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4
Q

β- carotene is the orange pigment in carrots, and the precursor of vitamin __

A

Vitamin A

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5
Q

This is a hydrocarbons, often strong-smelling protect the plants that produce them by deterring parasites.

A

Terpenes

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6
Q

A type of organic compound that contains a characteristic arrangement of four cycloalkane rings joined to one another.

A

Steroid

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7
Q

A human sex hormone

A

Estradiol

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8
Q

Estradiol is essential for the ________________ and ________________ of female reproductive tissues, but it also has important effects in many other tissues including bone.

A

development and maintenance

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9
Q

Lipids can be categorized as?

A

Hydrolyzable lipids and Nonhydrolyzable lipids

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Hydrolyzable lipids are derived from ___________.

A

Fatty acids

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11
Q

This cannot be cleaved into
smaller molecules by aqueous hydrolysis.

A

Nonhydrolyzable lipids

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12
Q

______________ fatty acids have no double bonds in their long hydrocarbon chains.

A

Saturated

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13
Q

______________ fatty acids have 1 or more double bonds (generally cis) in their long hydrocarbon chains

A

Unsaturated

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14
Q

As the number of double bonds in the fatty acid ____________, the melting point decreases.

A

Increases

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15
Q

_____ and ________ acids are essential fatty acids; they cannot be produced by the body and must be consumed.

A

Linoleic and linolenic

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16
Q

______ are esters formed from a fatty acid and a high molecular weight alcohol.

A

Waxes

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17
Q

Waxes are hydrophobic because of their ______________

A

long nonpolar C chains

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18
Q

Contains three esters formed from glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids.

A

Triacyglycerols

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19
Q

It is simple triacylglycerols because it have ____________ fatty acid side chains

A

3 identical

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20
Q

Triacylglycerols that have two or three different fatty acids

A

Mixed

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21
Q

Triacylglycerols have many C=C bonds.

A

Polyunsaturated

22
Q

Triacylglycerols have 1 C=C bond.

A

Monounsaturated

23
Q

Fats have _______ melting points

A

higher

24
Q

Oils have _____ melting points

A

lower

25
Q

Used to build cell membranes, insulate
the body, and store energy for later use.

A

Fats

26
Q

It is recommended that no more than ______ of a person’s caloric intake should come from lipids.

A

20 - 35%

27
Q

Saturated fats stimulate cholesterol synthesis, which can lead to _____________ building up inside arteries.

A

cholesterol plaques

28
Q

These are primarily synthesized instead of naturally occurring, act like saturated fats and increase the cholesterol levels in the blood.

A

Trans fats

29
Q

Triacylglycerols are hydrolyzed with water in the
presence of _____________ (in the body).

A

acid, base, or enzymes

30
Q

The number of adipose cells is _______; weight gained or lost causes them to SWELL OR SHRINK, but not decrease or increase in number

A

constant

31
Q

To metabolize triacylglycerols for energy, the
esters are hydrolyzed by enzymes called ________

A

lipases

32
Q

Soaps are __________ of fatty acids prepared by basic hydrolysis (saponification) of a triacylglycerol

A

metal salts

33
Q

True or False

The polar tails dissolve grease and oil and
the nonpolar head makes it soluble in water.

A

False

Exp: NONPOLAR tails dissolve grease and oil
POLAR head make it soluble in water

34
Q

All soaps work similarly but have different properties depending on the ________________________

A

lipid source, length of C chain, and degree of unsaturation

35
Q

True or False

Two common types of phospholipids are sphingomyelins and phosphoacyglycerols

A

True

36
Q

True or False

Phosphoacylglycerols are the secondary component of most cell membrane

A

False

Exp: They are the MAIN component

37
Q

What are the main types of phosphoacylglycerols?

A

Cephalin
Lecithin

38
Q

____________ do not contain a glycerol backbone, they have a sphingosine backbone
instead

A

Sphingomyelins

39
Q

The coating that surrounds nerve cells, is rich in sphingomyelins.

A

Myelin sheath

40
Q

The major component of cell membranes, contain a hydrophilic polar head and two hydrophobic nonpolar tails.

A

Phospholipids

41
Q

__________ and _____________ molecules are embedded in the lipid bilayer membrane.

A

Protein and cholesterol

42
Q

____________ proteins are embedded within the membrane and extend outward on one side only.

A

Peripheral

43
Q

Larger polar molecules need_____________ to cross efficiently.

A

facilitated transport

44
Q

The most prominent steroid, is synthesized in the liver and found in almost all body tissues.

A

Cholesterols

45
Q

Lipoproteins transport cholesterol from the liver to the tissues. This also deposits cholesterol on the walls of arteries

A

Low-density

46
Q

Lipoproteins transport cholesterol from tissues back to the liver. This also reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood stream

A

High-density

47
Q

__________ regulates blood pressure and volume by controlling the concentration of Na+ and K+ in body fluids.

A

Aldosterone

48
Q

____________ are organic compounds required in small quantities for normal metabolism and must be obtained from the diet.

A

Vitamins

49
Q

What vitamin that is found in liver, fish, dairy products and is made from β-carotene?

A

Vitamin A

It is needed for vision and for healthy mucous
membranes.

50
Q

This vitamin can be synthesized from cholesterol

A

Vitamin D

It can be obtained in the diet from many
foods, especially milk, and helps regulate Ca and K metabolism

51
Q

A vitamin that is an antioxidant, protecting unsaturated side chains in fatty acids from unwanted oxidation

A

Vitamin E

Deficiency of vitamin E causes numerous
neurological problems

52
Q

A kind of vitamin that regulates the synthesis of clotting proteins (prothrombin), and deficiency of this leads to excessive or fatal bleeding.

A

Vitamin K

53
Q

Two types of Eicosanoids

A

Prostaglandins and leukotrienes

54
Q

True or False

Leukotrienes are carboxylic acids that contain
a five-membered ring and have a wide range of
biological activities.

A

Prostaglandins

55
Q

True or False

Prostaglandins are molecules that contribute to the asthmatic response by constricting smooth
muscle of the lung

A

Leukotrienes

BIOCHEM LAB (6 decks)

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