Carbs Flashcards
What is the structural component of plant cell walls?
Cellulose
What process links monosaccharides to form disaccharides?
Condensation
What is the sweetest natural sugar found in fruits?
Fructose
What is the storage form of glucose in animals?
Glycogen
What type of polysaccharide is more resistant to digestion?
Amylose
What type of fiber is easily fermented by intestinal bacteria?
Soluble fiber
What enzyme hydrolyzes amylose in the mouth?
Salivary amylose
What enzyme breaks down carbohydrates in the small intestine?
Pancreatic amylase
Disaccharides broken down into?
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Glucose + Glucose =
Maltose
Glucose + Fructose =
Sucrose
Glucose + Galactose =
Lactose
This occur in all plants and animals and are essential to life.
Carbohydrates
What are the types of carbohydrates based on structure?
Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides
It contains single type of monosaccharides. Starch, Dextrin, Glycogen, Cellulose, and Insulin are _________
Homopolysaccharides
This contains two or more type of monosaccharides
Heteropolysaccharides
Functions of Carbohydrate
- Provide energy
- Maintain blood glucose
- Spare protein
- Prevents ketosis
Goal for blood glucose is _____ mg/dl
70 - 100
Deficiency of lactase, the enzyme that digest lactose
Lactose Intolerance
This refers to the measured upward rise, peaks, and falls of blood glucose following consumption of high-carbohydrate food
Glycemic index
This adjust GI by taking into account the amount of carbohydrate consumed in a typical serving of food
Glycemic Load
This test is given by reducing sugars. The formation of RED PRECIPITATE confirms the presence of reducing sugars.
Fehling’s Test
This test is used to determine the presence of carbohydrates or sugars in the substance.
Molisch’s Test
This test is to detect the presence of complex carbohydrates. The yellow-orange iodine will turn blue-black as it reacts with starch and the iodine solution will show no reaction with simple carbohydrates or sugars.
Iodine Test
This test is used to test for simple carbohydrates. It also allows us to detect the presence of sugars with a free aldehyde or ketone group.
Benedict’s Test
This test is a qualitative laboratory test used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone.
Tollen’s Test
This test is used to detect the presence of monosaccharide (reducing) sugars in solution.
Barfoed’s Test
Test that is a color reaction specific for ketoses.
Seliwanoff’s Test
This is used to distinguish between pentoses and hexoses.
Bial’s Test
A test where the ketoses and aldoses react with phenylhydrazine to produce a phenylhydrazone which further reacts with another two molecules of phenylhydrazine to yield osazone.
Osazone Test
Flower-shaped crystals are produced by _________
maltose
