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2024 SEM 1 BIOCHEMISTRY (LEC) > lipids > Flashcards

lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Heterogenous class id naturally occurring organic compounds classified tgt in the basis of common solubility properties

A

Lipids (fats and oils)

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2
Q

lipids
soluble:
insoluble:

A

soluble: aprotic organic solvent (diethyl ether, chloroform, acetone, methylene chloride)
insoluble: water bcs of their v. large hydrocarbon chain

*due to their structure

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3
Q

structure of lipid

A

dominant: water is polar
C-C
C-H

may have:
O-H
P

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4
Q

miscible

A

soluble

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5
Q

molecule that has one end with a polar, water soluble group and other end with a nonpolar HC grp that is insoluble in water

A

amphipathic

has polar and nonpolar parts
*dominant: np, esp in water

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6
Q

classification of lipids
- open chain compounds:
- fused ring compounds:

A

open chain compounds: (mas varying daw)
fatty acids
TG
sphingolipids
phosphoacylglycerols
glycolipids

fused ring compounds:
cholesterol
steroid hormones
bile acids

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7
Q

unbranched chain carboxylic acids

A

fatty acids
12-20 long (even no. of carbons)
derived from hydrolysis (of animal fats, vege oils etc)

hydrolysis - breakdown of water

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8
Q

amphitic compounds of fatty acids
nonpolar
polar:

A

nonpolar: HC
polar: COOH

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9
Q

types of fatty caids
contain c=c:
contain c-c:

A

contain c=c: unsaturated
contain c-c: saturated

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10
Q

in unsaturated fatty acids,
cis isomer predominated
trans isomer is rare

A

cis isomer predominated:
same side

trans isomer is rare:
diff side

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11
Q

melting point of the fatty acids depends on the

A

length of chain
degree of unsaturation (no. of double bonds)

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12
Q

is an unsaturated fatty acid with its endmost double bond three carbon atoms away from methyl end

A

omega 3 fatty acids

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13
Q

it is accumulated in adipose tissues and provide a means of storing fatty acids

A

triacylglycerols (triglycerides)

ester linkage are hydrolyzed by lipase
stores oof metabolic energy

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14
Q

reaction of glyceryl ester with NaOH or KOH t produce glycerol and respective Na or K salts

A

saponification

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15
Q

compounds in which 2 fatty acids and phosphoric acid are esterified to the 3 hydroxyl grps of glycerol

A

phosphatic acid

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16
Q

why is the head of the fatty acids are charged

A

as it contains phosphate group - that ionized at neutral pH

*positively charged amino grp by an amino alcohol esterified to the phosphoric acid

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17
Q

complex mixtures of esters of long chain carboxylic acid and long chain alcohols

A

waxes
*serve as a protective coating for plants and animals

18
Q

primary alcohol of sphingosine is esterified to phosphoric acid which is esterified to choline

A

sphingomyelin

19
Q

lipid to which a sugar moiety is bonded

A

glycolipids

20
Q

parent compound of glycolipids

A

ceramides

21
Q

it is formed between the pri alcohol grp of ceramide and a sugar residue (glucose or galactose )

A

glycosidic bond

= result compound called a cerebroside

22
Q

glycolipids with a complex carbs moiety that contains 3 sugars

A

gangliosides
-one is always a sialic acid
-has negative charge at neutral pH

23
Q

lipids with a characteristics fused-ring structure

A

steroids

24
Q

where does cholesterol occur

A

cell membrane
- highly hydrophobic
- precursors: can derive to t=other structures

25
Q

what is the major force that is driving the formation of lipid bilayers

A

hydrophobic interaction

26
Q

membrane fluidity
linear arrangement of HC chain leads to rigidity -
kink in the HC chain causes disorder in its packaging in and leads to greater fluidity -

A

linear arrangement of HC chain leads to rigidity - saturated fatty acids (rigid = cant movee)
kink in the HC chain causes disorder in its packaging in and leads to greater fluidity - unsaturated fatty acids (has bends and have spaces between FAs = more loose packing = greater fluidity)

27
Q

true or false:
presence of cholesterol can enhance order and rigidity

A

true

as fused ring of cholesterol is rigid

28
Q

true or false:
plant membrane are less fluid and more rigid than animal membrane

A

false
animal membrane (contain cholesterol ) are less fluid and more rigid than plant membrane (hv unsaturated fat)

29
Q

true or false:
membranes oof prokaryotes are the most fluid

A

true

most - least
prokaryotes > plants > animals

30
Q

true or false:
ordered bilayers become more ordered in the presence of heat

A

false - loosely packed
high temp, high fluid

gel > liquid (in the presence of heat)

31
Q

this type of protein is loosely bound to the outside of a membrane

A

peripheral proteins (Heterotrimeric G protein)

32
Q

this type of proteins are embedded in a membrane

A

integral proteins (Rhodopsin)
* can be removed y treatment with detergents or extensive = denaturation of protein

33
Q

what type of bonds can do proteins anhored to the lipids

A

covalent bonds

34
Q

transport proteins:
receptor proteins:

A

transport proteins:
mediate the entry of specific substances into a cell

receptor proteins:
contains specific binding sites for extracellular subs

35
Q

model in which proteins and a lipid bilayer exist side by side without covalent bonds between them

A

fluid-mosaic model

36
Q

term that implies that there is lateral motion of components in the membrane

A

fluid mosaic

37
Q

process by which a substance enters a cell w/o expenditure of cell energy

A

passive transport
*driven by conc. gradient - from high to low

38
Q

what are the 2 categories of passive transport

A

simple diffusion:
dont need anything daw
without requirement for a carrier

facilitated diffusion:
binding a carrier protein
does not require energy

39
Q

substances is moved against a conc gradient

A

active transport
*need energy from low to high

pri active transport:
directly linked to hydrolysis like ATP
sodium-potassium ion pump

sec active transport:
driven by H+ gradient
proton pump

40
Q

it is a principal carrier of cholestrol in the bloodstreem

A

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

consists of various proteins and lipids

41
Q

lipid soluble vitamins

A

hydrophobic
vitamin A D E K

2024 SEM 1 BIOCHEMISTRY (LEC) (14 decks)

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