energy changes

Question 1

Standard set of conditions used for comparisons of chemical reactions

Answer 1

standard state
- “universal starting point” for measuring chemical reactions

solid & liquid: pure substance itself
gas: pressure of 1.00 atmosphere
solutes: 1.00 molar conc.

Question 2

what do standard stated have to do with free energy?

Answer 2

index card

Question 3

the reaction can readily go in either direction

Answer 3

reverse direction

If the free-energy change is only 1 kcal mol-1 (about 4 kJ mol-1) in either direction, then the reaction is considered freely reversible.