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Bio: 3.1 Biological molecules > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are lipids?

A

Lipids are organic molecules mainly made up of two main types of lipids: triglycerides and phospholipids

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1
Q

What are the monomers of triglycerides?

A

Monomers of triglycerides are glycerol and fatty acids

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2
Q

What are triglycerides

A

Triglycerides are non - polar hydrophobic molecules

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3
Q

What are triglycerides composed of?

A

Triglycerides are composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule

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3
Q

How are triglycerides formed?

A

Triglycerides are formed from three separate condensation reactions that occur between the glycerol molecule and the three fatty acids, forming three water molecules as waste

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3
Q

What type of bond is formed from the condensation reaction in triglycerides?

A

Triglycerides form ester bonds

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4
Q

What is the two ways fatty acids can vary?

A

Fatty acids can vary in length and fatty acid chain type. Fatty acid chains can be saturated and unsaturated

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5
Q

What is a saturated fatty acid chain?

A

A saturated fatty acid consists of no double bonds within their hydrocarbons

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6
Q

What is a polyunsaturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid chain consisting of two or more double bonds between the hydrocarbons

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6
Q

What is an unsaturated fatty acid? What are the two different types?

A

An unsaturated fatty acid contains at least one or more double bonds within their hydrocarbons.

The two possible types of hydrocarbon are mono or poly - unsaturated fatty acids

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7
Q

What is a monounsaturated fatty acid?

A

A fatty acid consisting of one double bond between the hydrocarbons

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8
Q

Name some structural features of triglyceride that result in some of its properties

A
  1. Triglyceride has a large ratio of energy storing carbon - hydrogen atoms. Which results in a lot of energy being stored in the molecule
  2. Triglycerides are long and hydrophobic, making them insoluble - do not affect water potential and do not cause osmotic water uptake
  3. Triglycerides are a metabolic water source. When they are oxidised water is released, allowing it to act as source of water for animals in the desert
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9
Q

Where does the ester bond form in triglycerides?

A

An ester bond forms between the hydroxyl group (-OH) on glycerol and the carboxyl group -(COOH) of the fatty acid

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10
Q

What is the difference between polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids?

A

Monounsaturated fatty acids have only one double bond between their hydrocarbons and polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds between their hydrocarbons

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11
Q

How is the ester bond formed in phospholipids?

A

The two fatty acids bond to the glycerol molecule through two condensation reactions to form the two ester bonds

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11
Q

What are phospholipids composed of?

A

Phospholipids are composed of a glycerol molecule, a phosphate group and two fatty acid chains

12
Q

What are the fatty acid chains described as?

A

Hydrophobic

12
Q

Describe the hydrophillic head

A

The hydrophilic head repels fats and attracts water since it is charged

12
Q

Why are the fatty acid chains described as hydrophobic?

A

The fatty acid chains repel water but will attract fats, mixing with them

13
Q

Why is the head of the phospholipid called hydrophilic?

A

The head is called hydrophilic because of the negative charge on the phosphate group

14
Q

What do phospholipids form?

A

Phospholipids form a phospholipid bilayer membrane structure

15
Q

How are phospholipids positioned in water?

A

In water, phospholipids have their hydrophilic heads facing the water and their tails facing each other so they are not exposed to the water

16
Q

What are the similarities between phospholipids and triglycerides?

A
  1. Both contain a glycerol molecule
  2. Both may be attached to a mixture of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
  3. Both contain the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
  4. Both are formed by condensation reaction

Bio: 3.1 Biological molecules (16 decks)

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