Bonding, Monomer + Polymers Flashcards
What are the three ways atoms combine together?
Atoms bond together through hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding and covalent bonding
What are condensation reactions?
Condensation reactions are chemical reactions that join two molecules together through the formation of a chemical bond and the elimination of a water molecule
What are the different bonds that can be formed through a condensation reaction, including their names?
Glycosidic bond
Peptide bond
Phosphodiester bond
What is a glycosidic bond?
A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond between two monosaccharides, resulting from a condensation reaction
What are hydrolysis reactions?
Hydrolysis reactions cause chemical bonds between molecules to break by the addition of water
What is the monomer of a nuclei acid?
Nucleotides
What is a phosphodiester bond?
A phosphodiester bond is a covalent bond between two nucleotides, which is formed from a condensation reaction
Fill in the blanks:
What is a phosphodiester bond?
A () bond between two (), resulting from a () reaction
A COVALENT bond between two NUCLEOTIDES, resulting from a CONDENSATION reaction
What is the monomer of
a protein?
Amino acid
What is a peptide bond?
A peptide bond is a covalent bond between two amino acids, resulting from a condensation reaction
Fill in the blanks:
What is a peptide bond?
A covalent bond between two (), resulting from a () reaction
A covalent bond between two AMINO ACIDS, resulting from a CONDENSATION reaction
What are examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What are glucose isomers?
Glucose’s isomers are beta and alpha glucose
What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose?
Alpha and beta glucose have different molecular arrangements. Beta glucose has the hydroxyl group above the hydrogen atom whereas alpha glucose has the opposite. Alpha glucose has the hydroxyl group beneath the hydrogen atom on the second carbon atom.
What is a disaccharide?
A disaccharide is a molecule that is formed from two monomers joining together through a condensation reaction
What are three examples of disaccharides?
Maltose
Sucrose
Lactose
What monosaccharides make lactose, sucrose and maltose?
Maltose = alpha glucose + alpha glucose
Lactose = galactose + alpha glucose
Sucrose = fructose + alpha glucose
What is an example of a condensation reaction?
The formation of maltose. Two alpha glucose molecules will join together, with the removal of a water molecule. A glycosidic bond is formed and the maltose molecule is made.
What is a monomer? Give some examples
Monomers are smaller units that join together to form larger molecules.
Examples include:
1. monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose)
- amino acids
- nucleotides
Define polymer. Give some examples
Polymers are moelcules formed when many monomers join together
Examples: polysaccharides, proteins and DNA/RNA
What is an example of a hydrolysis reaction?
An example of a hydrolysis reaction is the breakdown of maltose. A water molecule is added to the maltose molecule, breaking the glycosidic chemical bond and forming two alpha glucose molecules
Describe a feature of polysaccharides that help their function:
Polysaccharides are large and insoluble molecules, which make them suitable for storage and allows their water potential to remain unaffected
What are the three main polysaccharides?
The three main polysaccharides are starch, glycogen and cellulose
What is an isomer?
An isomer is an organic molecule that has the same molecular formula but has different structural arrangements, resulting in different properties
What catalyses hydrolysis in the body?
Enzymes catalyse hydrolysis in the body
