Bonding, Monomer + Polymers Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the three ways atoms combine together?
Atoms bond together through hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding and covalent bonding
What are condensation reactions?
Condensation reactions are chemical reactions that join two molecules together through the formation of a chemical bond and the elimination of a water molecule
What is a glycosidic bond?
A glycosidic bond is a covalent bond between two monosaccharides, resulting from a condensation reaction
What are hydrolysis reactions?
Hydrolysis reactions break a chemical bond between two molecules through the addition of a water molecule
What is the monomer of a nuclei acid?
Nucleotides
What is a phosphodiester bond?
A phosphodiester bond is a covalent bond between two nucleotides, which is formed from a condensation reaction
Fill in the blanks:
What is a phosphodiester bond?
A () bond between two (), resulting from a () reaction
A COVALENT bond between two NUCLEOTIDES, resulting from a CONDENSATION reaction
What is the monomer of
a protein?
Amino acid
What is a peptide bond?
A peptide bond is a covalent bond between two amino acids, resulting from a condensation reaction
Fill in the blanks:
What is a peptide bond?
A covalent bond between two (), resulting from a () reaction
A covalent bond between two AMINO ACIDS, resulting from a CONDENSATION reaction
What are three main examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
What are glucose isomers?
Glucose’s isomers are beta and alpha glucose
What is the difference between alpha glucose and beta glucose?
Alpha and beta glucose have different molecular arrangements. Beta glucose has the hydroxyl group above the hydrogen atom whereas alpha glucose has the opposite. Alpha glucose has the hydroxyl group beneath the hydrogen atom on the second carbon atom.
What is a disaccharide?
A disaccharide is a molecule that is formed from two monomers joining together through a condensation reaction
What are the three main disaccharides and what monosaccharides are they formed from?
Maltose = alpha glucose + alpha glucose
Lactose = galactose + alpha glucose
Sucrose = fructose + alpha glucose
Outline the reaction that occurs between two alpha glucose molecules to form maltose
Two alpha glucose molecules will join together through a condensation reaction involving the removal of a water molecule. A glycosidic bond is formed and the maltose molecule is made.
What is a monomer? Give some examples
Monomers are the smaller units from which larger molecules are made
Examples include:
1. monosaccharides (glucose, fructose and galactose)
- amino acids
- nucleotides
Define polymer. Give some examples
Polymers are molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
Examples: polysaccharides, proteins and DNA/RNA
Outline the reaction that occurs to break maltose into two alpha glucose molecules
A water molecule is added to the maltose molecule, breaking the glycosidic chemical bond to form two alpha glucose molecules
What are the three main polysaccharides?
The three main polysaccharides are starch, glycogen and cellulose
What is an isomer?
An isomer is an organic molecule that has the same molecular formula but has different structural arrangements, resulting in different properties
What catalyses hydrolysis in the body?
Enzymes catalyse hydrolysis in the body
