Lipids

Question 1

CV Risk Enhancers

Answer 1

FHx premature ASCVD (males, <55 years; females, <65 years)
Primary hypercholesterolemia (LDL-C, 160-189 mg/dL; non-HDL-C,190-219 mg/dL)
Metabolic syndrome (3 factors - high TG, HTN or high gluc, inc waist circumference, low HDL)
CKD
Chronic inflammatory conditions (eg, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, HIV/AIDS)
History of premature menopause (<40 years) and pregnancy-associated conditions that increase later ASCVD risk (eg, preeclampsia)
High risk based on race or ethnicity
Lipid biomarkers:
Persistently elevated hypertriglyceridemia (TG ≥175 mg/dL, non-fasting)
Elevated hsCRP (≥2.0 mg/L)
Elevated Lp (a): ≥50 mg/dL
Elevated ApoB (≥130 mg/dL) - measure for TG ≥200 mg/dL (≥130 mg/dL corresponds to LDL-C >160 mg/dL)

Question 2

Apo B therapeutic targets

Answer 2

< 90 for established CAD or very high risk for CAD (maybe < 80)
< 90 or low, moderate, and high risk

Question 3

LPL
Where is it made
mechanism by which it removes TG from TRL

Answer 3

Made in heart, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue
ligand to anchor lipoprotein particle to vessel wall via binding with ApoC2