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Biochem midterm exam 1 > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

O-linked Glycosylation is linked to the

A

OH group of Ser of Thr side chain

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2
Q

N-linked Glycosylation is linked to the

A

aminde N of asn side chain

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3
Q

Glycogen is

A

storage polysaccharide in animals

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4
Q

What type of bonds are in fatty acids

A

polyunsaturated double bonds

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5
Q

Fatty acids are almost never

A

conjugated

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6
Q

In saturated fatty acids the molecular mass

A

increases and the melting point increases

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7
Q

At 20ºC (RT), shorter fatty acids and long fatty acids are in what phase

A

shorter ones are oils and longer ones are solid fats

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8
Q

Single C-C are free to

A

free to rotate, very flexible, and stackable

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9
Q

Single c-c bonds in fatty acids have minimial

A

minimal steric interference

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10
Q

Single C-C bond in fatty acids have stronger

A

hydrophobic interaction

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11
Q

melting point is lower or higher for unsaturated than saturated?

A

unsaturated fatty acids have a lower melting point than saturated fatty acids

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12
Q

-C=C- bonds introduce kinks at

A

30 degrees and is rigid and don’t pack well

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13
Q

the properties of triacylglycerol’s (TAGs

A

non-polar, water-insoluble fatty acids of triesters of glycerol

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14
Q

triacylglycerol’s (TAGs) are not found

A

in biological membranes, but are efficient energy resvoirs in animals

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15
Q

where are triacylglycerol’s (TAGs) synthesized/stored

A

synthesized/stored in adipocytes

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16
Q

triacylglycerol’s (TAGs) are Triglycerides of

A

neutral fats

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17
Q

how many subunits does the K+ channel have

A

4 subunits

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18
Q

Where is the K+ negatively charged amino acids

A

negatively charged amino acid at the cytoslic end

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19
Q

What does the negatively charged amino acid at the cytosolic end do

A

attract cations such as K+, Na+, etc

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20
Q

whats the purpose of the carbonyl oxygens in K+ channel

A

key to a precise seperation

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21
Q

what are the hydrated ions in the K+ channels

A

ions with carbonyl oxygens

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22
Q

Only K+ fits the diameter of

A

of the pore ion filter

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23
Q

the biological membranes define

A

the in/outside of cells

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24
Q

biological membranes can

A

compartmentalize and are the surface for certain reactions to occur

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25
Q

Biological membranes is an assembly of

A

lipids, proteins and carbohydrayes

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26
Q

What is the permeability of biological membranes

A

somewhat permamble

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27
Q

What kind of molecules does the biological membranes allow diffusion for

A

hydrophobic membranes

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28
Q

uniporter transports only

A

one type of molecule in one direction

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29
Q

symporter transports the 2nd solute

A

in the same direction

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30
Q

antiporter transports 2nd solute

A

in the opposite direction

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31
Q

biological membranes allow flow/exhange of

A

molecules via gates and pumps

32
Q

membrane proteins have

A

hydrophobic amino acids outwards

33
Q

In what solution are membrane proteins insoluble in

A

aqeuous solutions

34
Q

there are fewer what in membrane proteins

A

fewer hydrophillic amino acids than cytosolic proteins

35
Q

whare are the 3 types of classification of membrane proteins

A

integral proteins
periperal proteins
lipid-linked proteins

36
Q

change of voltage acrross the membrane is called

A

voltage gated channel

37
Q

what are the stimuli for channel proteins to open or close

A

voltage-gated channel, ligand channel. and mechanically-gated stress-gated channel

38
Q

Ligand binding from either outside or inside is called

A

ligand-gated channel

39
Q

In the fluid mosiac model integral proteins interact

A

strongly with bilayers through transmembrane segments

40
Q

In the fluid mosaic model, perpheral proteins are

A

loosely associated and easily removed

41
Q

Periphersl proteins interact with the surface through

A

electrostatic and h-bonding

42
Q

In the fluid mosaic model, lipid-linked proteins have

A

lipd anchors

43
Q

What are the state of proteins?

A

very dynamic state: constant, fast lateral diffusion

44
Q

facillated passive trasnsport happens

A

spontaneously, electrochemical or pressure gradient energy

45
Q

Which type of transport requires energy and why

A

Active transport because solutes are pumped against their electrochemical gradient.

46
Q

facilatated passive transport via

A

specific proteins (transmembrane intergral proteins) and is highly selective

47
Q

passive transport is senstive to

A

inibitors that react with protein side chains

48
Q

passive transport can be staurated

A

the transport rate reaches a max when all the trasnsporters are being used

49
Q

What the 3 main mechanisms of active transport

A

coupled carrier,
ATP-driven pump
light-driven pump

50
Q

ATP-driven pump is powered by

A

ATP hydroylsis

51
Q

Light-driven pump is powered by

A

photons

52
Q

Couples carrier is

A

uphill transport compensated by another solute goin downhill

53
Q

What is the epimer of glucose

A

Mannose

54
Q

starch is a mixture of

A

a-amylose and amylopectin

55
Q

Boat and chair conformations are found in

A

pyranose sugars

56
Q

furanose is a sugar that contains a

A

five-membered ring

57
Q

cellulose purpose as a plant cell walls

A

rigidity and mechanical strength against osmotic stress

58
Q

Proteoglycans contain

A

glycosaminoglycans

59
Q

Proteoglycans are the backbone of

A

hyaluronic acid polymer

60
Q

the transformation of monosaccharide into its anomer occurs

A

anomer occurs easily doesn’t require the assistence of a catalyst

61
Q

what polysaccharide is found in a hellically coiled conformation

A

a-amylose

62
Q

How many steroisomers are possible for a ketopentose such as ribose

A

4

63
Q

an example of homopolysaccharide in the liver and muscle is

A

glycogen

64
Q

Gylcoproteins are responsible for

A

targeting, sorting,recognition and protection from degradation

65
Q

in higher plants and aminals, for fatty acids

A

C16 and C18 species predominate.

66
Q

Andipocytes are specialized

A

cells for the synthesis of triglycerides

67
Q

how many Na+ and K+ are exported and imported

A

3 Na+ are exported and 2K+ are imported

68
Q

cholesterol are incoperated into the membrane to

A

to increase rigidity

69
Q

the most common ion channel in animal cells are

A

K+ channels

70
Q

Proteoglycans is highly

A

hydrated and has high resilence

71
Q

Modifications of sugars are not

A

enconded in DNa because of heterogenity of glycoprotein

72
Q

Glycoproteins link sugars to protein via

A

glycoslyation

73
Q

Chitin

A

β(1→4) linkages (long linear
polymer)

74
Q

chitin has extensive linear chains made up of

A

N-acetyl-glucosamine

75
Q
A

Biochem midterm exam 1 (10 decks)

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