Enzymes Flashcards
What are the 2 subfields of Enzymology?
kinetics and structural biology
Enzymology is the study of
enzymic reaction mechanisms, regulations, and rates.
Enzymes are the
biochemical catalysts that are usually proteins, but can also consist of RNA.
What is the purpose of Catalyst?
speed up the rate of the reaction
The protein (or RNA) folds into a structure
binding a substrate, forming a product. The product is released from the enzyme.
Catalyst are not
consumed or altered in the reaction
Catalyst don’t change in
Keq (equilibrium constant) or ∆G⁰ of the process (∆G⁰ = -RT ln Keq
Enzymes increase the rate of reactions, in what direction?
both directions
Certain fraction of A+B has enough
energy to achieve transition state
Enzymes do not change the
equilibrium point of reactions.
Transition states are higly
reactive and are high-energy state
Enzyme activity is often tightly
regulated
When it comes to the conformational change, what state is the molecule in during the transition stage
‘half-chair’ conformation
∆G ‡ ensures the reaction
does not always occur
∆G ‡ is also known as the
activation energy
What are 2 ways to speed up a reaction
Lower ∆G ‡
o Raise T
What would happen if you raise the temperature in a reaction
T+10ºC = 2X rate
the active site of an enzyme is
is complementary to the substrate.
Enzymes and substrate connect via
weak noncovalent bonds
Enzymes lower the activation energy of the transition state by
having a smaller delta S between the [ES] and [EX] complex.
Under what conditions does enzyme work in
under mild conditions (37ºC, 1 atm, pH 7
Under what conditions does chemical catalyst work
optimal under extreme conditions
What are the type of bond between substrate and enzyme
Geometric or electronic
The lock and key model explains
specificity but not stabilization of the intermediate shape of
the substrate
