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BIOCHEM LEC > LIPIDS > Flashcards

LIPIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Refers to a collection of organic molecules of
varying chemical composition

A

LIPIDS

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2
Q

4 main groups LIPIDS

A

o Fatty Acids (Saturated and Unsaturated)
o Glycerides (Glycerol-containing Lipids)
o Nonglyceride Lipids (Sphingolipids, Steroids,
Wax)
o Complex Lipids (Lipoproteins)

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3
Q

lipid structure CPGF

A

Choline
Phosphate
Glycerol
Fatty acids

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4
Q

o Esters of fatty acids with various alcohol
o Fats and waxes

A

Simple lipids

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5
Q

o Esters of fatty acids containing groups in
addition to an alcohol and a fatty acid
o Phospholipids, glycolipids and other complex
lipids like sulfolipids and amino lipids

A

Compound lipids

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6
Q

o derived by hydrolysis from compound and
simple lipids
o alcohols, mono- and diglycerides, carotenoids,
steroids, and terpenes

A

Derived lipids

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7
Q
  • Waxes
A

LIPIDS WITH FATTY ACIDS

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8
Q
  • Fats and oils (triglycerides)
A

LIPIDS WITH FATTY ACIDS

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9
Q
  • Phospholipids
A

LIPIDS WITH FATTY ACIDS

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10
Q
  • Sphingolipids
A

LIPIDS WITH FATTY ACIDS

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11
Q
  • Cholesterol
A

LIPIDS WITHOUT FATTY ACIDS

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12
Q
  • Bile Acids
A

LIPIDS WITHOUT FATTY ACIDS

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13
Q
  • Steroids
A

LIPIDS WITHOUT FATTY ACIDS

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14
Q

fatty acid composition

A

Polar End - hydrophilic
Non-polar End- Hydrophobic

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15
Q

fatty acid with long chain

A

more than 12 carbons

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16
Q

fatty acid with medium chain

A

6-10 carbons

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17
Q

fatty acid with short chain

A

less than 6 carbons

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18
Q

18:2n-6 (PUFA CODE)

A

number of carbons
number of double bonds
number of carbons up to the first double bond

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19
Q

Oleic Acid

A

Omega 9
monounsaturated

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20
Q

Linoleic Acid

A

Omega 6
polyunsaturated

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21
Q

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)

A

Omega 3
polyunsaturated

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22
Q
  • Omega-3:
    o body can make some _____ and ____ from ALA
A

EPA - eicosapentaenoic acid
DHA - docosahexaenoic acid

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23
Q

Examples of omega-6 PUFA

A

Linoleic acid
arachidonic acid

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24
Q
  • H’s on same side of the double bond
  • fold into a U-like formation
  • naturally occurring
A

cis- fatty acids

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25
Q
  • H’s on the opposite side of the double bond
  • occur in partially hydrogenated food
A

trans- fatty acids

26
Q

C-C BOND OF SATURATED FATTY ACID

A

single bond

27
Q

C-C BOND OF UNSATURATED FATTY ACID

A

at least 1 double bond

28
Q

Hydrocarbon
chains are
characteristic of
what group of
hydrocarbons for SAturated fatty acid?

A

alkanes

29
Q

Hydrocarbon
chains are
characteristic of
what group of
hydrocarbons for unsaturated fatty acid?

A

alkenes

30
Q

Saturated fatty acid
“Shape” of
Hydrocarbon
chain

A

Linear, Fully extended

31
Q

“Shape” of
Hydrocarbon
chain (unsaturated)

A

Bend in carbon
chain at site of C-C double bond

32
Q

Physical state at
room temperature of Saturated Fatty acid

A

solid

33
Q

Physical state at
room temperature of unsaturated fatty acid

A

Liquid

34
Q

Melting point of saturated fatty acid

A

Higher

35
Q

Melting point of unsaturated fatty acid

A

Lower

36
Q

fatty acids that canno tbe prepared by the body
obtained from diet

A

Essential fatty acid

37
Q

fatty acids that can be synthesiszed by our body
not required from diet

A

Non-essential fatty acid

38
Q

Examples of essential fatty acid

A

linoleic acid
linolenic acid
arachidonic acid

39
Q

examples of non-essential fatty acids

A

palmitic acid
stearic acid

40
Q

Fatty acids react with alcohols to form esters and
water

A

ESTERIFICATION

41
Q

ester are products of deyhdration of a _________ and an _________

A

carboxylic acid
alcohol

42
Q

o Producing fatty acids from esters
o Opposite of esterification

A

ACID HYDROLYSIS

43
Q

o hydrolysis of an ester with a strong base
o Is the alkaline hydrolysis of the fatty acid esters

A

SAPONIFICATION

44
Q

SAPONIFICATION product, an ionized salt, is a
soap Have a long ________hydrocarbon tail
and a _______ charged terminus (the
carboxylate terminus)

A

uncharged
negatively

45
Q

REACTION AT THE DOUBLE BOND –
UNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS

A

Hydrogenation
Partial Hydrogenation

46
Q

polyunsaturated vegetable oils into saturated
solid fats

A

Hydrogenation

47
Q

vegetable oils are
converted into solid form

A

Partial Hydrogenation

48
Q

FAtty acids carry more energy per carbon because they are more _____

A

reduced

49
Q

Fatty acids carry less water per gram because they are ____________

A

nonpolar

50
Q

short term energy need

A

glucose
glycogen

51
Q

long term energy needs

A

fats

52
Q

Are lipid esters that contain the glycerol molecule
and fatty acids

A

glycerides

53
Q

nonionic and nonpolar

A

Neutral Glycerides

54
Q

have polar region, the
phosphoryl group, in addition to the nonpolar
fatty acid tails

A

Phosphoglycerides

55
Q

Produce after the esterification of glycerol with a
fatty acid

A

Neutral Glycerides

56
Q

Neutral Glycerides most important and main storage form of lipids in
man, what cell?

A

adipocytes

57
Q

primary functions of neutral glycerides

A

store energy

58
Q

Triglyceride structure

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids

59
Q

Triglyceride is _ kcals per gram

A

9

60
Q

food sources of triglycerides

A

fats and oils
omega-3 fatty acids
omega-6 fatty acids

61
Q

A mixture of triglycerides containing high
proportion of long-chain, saturated fatty acids
* Animals – generally solids

A

FAT

62
Q

Liquid fat
* Contain high proportion of unsaturated fatty
acids and saturated fatty acids
* Plants or Fish – usually liquids

A

OIL

BIOCHEM LEC (11 decks)

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