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BIOCHEM LEC > INTRO TO BIOCHEM > Flashcards

INTRO TO BIOCHEM Flashcards

1
Q

BIOCHEMISTRY IS Concerned with the physio-chemical processes
underlying: (7)

A

Digestion
absorption
circulation
respiration
metabolism
growth
reproduction

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2
Q

2 CHEMISTRIES OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY; PATHOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

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3
Q

NORMAL PROCESSES

A

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

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4
Q

ABNORMAL PROCESSES

A

PATHOLOGICAL
CHEMISTRY

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5
Q

FOUR (4) MAJOR CLASSES OF BIOMOLECULES

A

❖ Proteins
❖ Nucleic acids
❖ Carbohydrates
❖ Lipids

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6
Q

Swedish founder of biochem.

A

KARL SCHEELE

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7
Q

KARL SCHEELE Studied the chemical composition of water in
MID ______

A

1700

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8
Q

Formulated the cell theory in ____.

A

1840; SCHLEIDEN & SCHWANN

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9
Q

Discovered chromosomes in _____

A

1875; WALTHER FLEMMING

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10
Q

o German scientist
o Coined the word biochem.

A

CARL NEWBERG

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11
Q

Proposed the Kreb cycle of the TriCarboxylic Acid in _____.

A

1937; HANS KREB

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12
Q

Described the glycolytic pathway in _____

A

1925; EMBDEN & MAYERHOFF

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13
Q

Described the double helical structure of DNA
in _____.

A

1953; JAMES WATSON & FRANCIS CRICK

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14
Q

GENETIC DISEASE IS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF?

A

NUCLEIC ACIDS

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15
Q

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA IS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF?

A

PROTEINS

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16
Q

ATHEROSCLEROSIS IS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF?

A

LIPIDS

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17
Q

DIABETES MELLITUS IS A BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF?

A

CARBOHYDRATES

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18
Q

Mechanical trauma

A

PHYSICAL AGENTS

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19
Q

temperature extremes

A

PHYSICAL AGENTS

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20
Q

electric shock.

A

PHYSICAL AGENTS

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21
Q

radiation

A

PHYSICAL AGENT

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22
Q

Toxic compounds, drugs

A

CHEMICAL AGENTS

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23
Q

Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

A

BIOLOGICAL AGENTS

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24
Q

Genes/dna make-up is not complete

A

Genetic Disease

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25
Q

Loss of blood, decreased oxygen-carrying
capacity of blood

A

OXYGEN LACK

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26
Q

mitochondrial poisoning

A

OXYGEN LACK

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27
Q

Anaphylaxis, autoimmune disorders

A

IMMUNOLOGIC REACTIONS

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28
Q

Deficiencies, excesses

A

NUTRITIONAL IMBALANCES

29
Q

Hormonal deficiencies/excesses

A

ENDOCRINE IMBALANCES

30
Q

Are molecules found in living matter.

A

BIOMOLECULEs

31
Q

BIOMOLECULES 2 BROAD TYPES

A

o SMALL molecules
o MACROMOLECULES

32
Q

a. Essential structures for the basis of life.
b. Control and regulate these processes.
c. Responsible for energy exchanges,
irritability, metabolism, mobility, and
reproduction

A

Importance of Macromolecules:

33
Q

Importance of Macromolecules:
a. Essential structures for the ____________________

A

basis of life

34
Q

Importance of Macromolecules: b. ___ and _____ these processes.

A

Control; regulate

35
Q

Importance of Macromolecules:
c. Responsible for _________,
irritability, ________, mobility, and
______

A

energy exchanges; metabolism; reproduction

36
Q

SIX (6) PRIMORDIAL BIOMOLECULES - ANSSNA

A
  1. AMINO ACIDS
  2. NITRGENOUS BASES
  3. SUGARS
  4. SUGAR ALCOHOL
  5. NITROGENOUS ALCOHOL
  6. FATTY ACIDS
37
Q

AMINO ACIDS (GAS)

A

o Glycine
o Alanine
o Serine

38
Q

NITRGENOUS BASES (PP)

A

o Pyrimidines
o Purines

39
Q

SUGARS (GGM)

A

o Glucose
o Galactose
o Mannose

40
Q

SUGAR ALCOHOL (G)

A

o Glycerol

41
Q

NITROGENOUS ALCOHOL (Ch)

A

o Choline

42
Q

FATTY ACIDS (PLLA)

A

o Palmitic acid
o Linoleic acid
o Linolenic acid
o Arachidonic acid

43
Q

means only carbon-carbon single bonds

A

-an

44
Q

means it contains a carbon-carbon double bond

A

-en

45
Q

it contains a carbon-carbon triple bond

A

-yne

46
Q

Contain only CARBON and HYDROGEN

A

HYDROCARBONS

47
Q

▪ No Benzene rings or a derivative of
the benzene ring.
▪ Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes.

A

ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS

48
Q

▪ Contain a Benzene ring or a
derivative of the benzene ring.

A

AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS

49
Q

o Which one or more hydrogen atoms is
replaced by another atom or group of
atoms

A

substituted hydrocarbons

50
Q

Is an atom of group of atoms
arranged in a particular way that is
primarily responsible for the
chemical and physical properties
of the molecule in which it is
found

A

FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

51
Q

CARBON-OXYGEN GROUP (C-O)
AAK CAE

A
  • Alcohol
  • Aldehyde
  • Ketone
  • Carboxylic Acid
  • Acid Anhydride
  • Ether
52
Q

CARBON-SULFUR GROUP (C-S)

A
  • Sulfhydryl
  • Disulfide
53
Q

CARBON-NITROGEN GROUP

A

*AMINO
*QUATERNARY

54
Q

ESTERS AND AMINE

A

*THIOESTER
*PHOSPHOESTER
*ESTER
*AMIDE

55
Q

LEADING FAMILIES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A

HYDROCARBON
ALCHOHOL
ALDEHYDE
ACID
ETHER
KETONE
AMINE
ESTER
AMIDE

56
Q

Process wherein most of the energy
liberated by living matter is derived from
the oxidation of organic substances such as
carbohydrates, fats and proteins

A

OXIDATION

57
Q

OXIDATION Two kinds:

A

▪ ANAEROBIC OXIDATION
▪ AEROBIC OXIDATION

58
Q

Takes place in the
presence of free oxygen

A

ANAEROBIC OXIDATION

59
Q
  • Occurs in the absence of
    free oxygen.
  • Substances undergoes
    oxidation either by a loss
    pf hydrogen, as in the
    oxidation of Lactic Acid to
    Pyruvic Acid.
A

AEROBIC OXIDATION

60
Q

o Reverse of oxidation.
o May be brought about by either loss of
oxygen or by gain of hydrogen or electrons.
o Whenever oxidation occurs, there is a
simultaneous and corresponding reduction.
o All food and organic substances have the
property of taking up oxygen, hence they
are reducing agents

A

REDUCTION

61
Q

o A chemical process in which a molecule of
water is added to a substance.
o Sometimes this addition causes both
substance and water molecule to split into
two parts.
o Through this process, large molecules are
broken down intro smaller and simpler
forms.

A

HYDROLYSIS

62
Q

o The reaction wherein simple fragments
unite with one another to form a more
complex compound.
o Synthesis of complex substances like
glycogen and tissue protein is
accomplished through this process.

A

CONDENSATION

63
Q

o AKA isomeric transformation is the
intramolecular rearrangement of atoms
within a molecule leading to the formation
of a news substance having distinctive
properties of its own.
o EXAMPLE: transformation of Glucose intro
Galactose; Galactose into Mannose

A

TAUTOMERISM

64
Q

CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCURING IN LIVING MATTER
(IN VIVO) – ORHCT

A

OXIDATION
REDUCTION
HYDROLYSIS
CONDENSATION
TAUTOMERISM

65
Q

o The physical property of a molecule that is
repelled from a mass of water.
o Alkanes, Oils, and Fats.

A

HYDROPHOBIC

66
Q

o A physical property of a molecule that can
transiently bond with water (H2O) through
Hydrogen Bonding.

A

HYDROPHILIC

67
Q

o Transfer of one or more electrons from one
atom to another, leading to the formation of
ionic bond

A

IONIC BONDING

68
Q

Sharing pairs of electrons between atoms.

A

COVALENT BONDING

69
Q

Bonded to a small, highly electronegative atom.

A

HYDROGEN BONDING

BIOCHEM LEC (11 decks)

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